{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:48:35Z","timestamp":1785160115927,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can Assoc Radiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To comprehensively evaluate qualitative and quantitative features for predicting invasiveness of pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) using multiplanar computed tomography. Methods: Ninety-three resected pGGNs (16 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia [AAH], 18 adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS], 31 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma [MIA], and 28 invasive adenocarcinoma [IA]) were retrospectively included. Two radiologists analyzed qualitative and quantitative features on three standard planes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify features to distinguish the pre-invasive (AAH\/AIS) from the invasive (MIA\/IA) group. Results: Tumor size showed high area under the curve (AUC) for predicting invasiveness (.860, .863, .874, and .893, for axial long diameter [AXLD], multiplanar long diameter, mean diameter, and volume, respectively). The AUC for AXLD (cutoff, 11\u00a0mm) was comparable to that of the volume ( P = .202). The invasive group had a significantly higher number of qualitative features than the pre-invasive group, regardless of tumor size. Six out of 59 invasive nodules (10.2%) were smaller than 11\u00a0mm, and all had at least one qualitative feature. pGGNs smaller than 11\u00a0mm without any qualitative features (n = 16) were all pre-invasive. In multivariable analysis, AXLD, vessel change, and the presence or number of qualitative features were independent predictors for invasiveness. The model with AXLD and the number of qualitative features achieved the highest AUC (.902, 95% confidence interval .833-.971). Conclusion: In adenocarcinomas manifesting as pGGNs on computed tomography, AXLD and the number of qualitative features are independent risk factors for invasiveness; small pGGNs (&lt;11\u00a0mm) without qualitative features have low probability of invasiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08465371221110913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T21:35:30Z","timestamp":1657920930000},"page":"137-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Computed Tomography Findings for Predicting Invasiveness of Lung Adenocarcinomas Manifesting as Pure Ground-Glass Nodules"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jeaneun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul St Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Won","family":"Doo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul St Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeoun Eun","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Im","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul St Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9221-8116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suyon","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul St Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of 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