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Rooted in nuclear medicine, this approach uses molecular targeting agents labelled with diagnostic radioisotopes for imaging and therapeutic radioisotopes for treatment, ensuring a seamless transition from diagnosis to therapy. The field has evolved significantly in the last decade, with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy transforming prostate cancer patient management and somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted agents revolutionizing neuroendocrine tumour (NET) treatment. Considering its interdisciplinary nature, collaboration between nuclear medicine specialists, oncologists, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals is critical to refining clinical applications and improving patient outcomes. As prominent members of the theranostic team, radiologists play a pivotal role, from patient selection and imaging-based eligibility assessment to response evaluation and long-term monitoring. In this regard, advanced imaging modalities facilitate the precise evaluation of disease characteristics, guiding treatment decisions. Hence, as theranostics becomes increasingly integrated into patient management, radiologists face the need to be well-versed in both the technical aspects and clinical implications. In this review, we aimed to provide a primer for radiologists to gain a general insight into the theranostic field and its basic principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08465371251338032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T04:21:18Z","timestamp":1747974078000},"page":"202-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Theranostic: A Primer for Radiologists"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2271-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Mirshahvalad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Imaging &amp; Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Beheshti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Imaging &amp; Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ur","family":"Metser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1950-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di Maria","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alrekhais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Veit-Haibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-016-3548-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2020.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","author":"Ziessman HA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziessman HA, O\u2019Malley JP. 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