{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:25:04Z","timestamp":1777922704791,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) drives liver fibrosis, contributing to chronic liver disease. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a lectin linked to inflammation and fibrosis, was investigated for its association with liver injury severity in HBeAg-negative CHB and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHI) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 25 CHB, 25 CHI, and 25 healthy controls. Serum Gal-3 levels were measured in all subjects, with liver biopsies performed in CHB patients. Gal-3 and HBV DNA levels were monitored at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months during antiviral therapy in CHB patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum Gal-3 levels were significantly higher in CHI (median: 422 U\/L, interquartile range [IQR]: 144\u2013900) and CHB (median: 567 U\/L, IQR: 196\u20131093) patients than controls (median: 179 U\/L, IQR: 79\u2013350;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Although Gal-3 levels were higher in CHB than CHI, the difference was not significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.08). Median Gal-3 levels in CHB patients decreased from 567 U\/L to 288 U\/L after 12 months of antiviral therapy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043 after excluding an outlier). Gal-3 levels showed weak correlations with HBV DNA (Spearman\u2019s rho = 0.32,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.12), ALT (rho = 0.28,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17), and fibrosis scores (rho = 0.35,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.09).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated Gal-3 levels correlate with HBeAg-negative CHB and CHI, with a significant decline posttreatment in CHB. If validated, Gal-3 could serve as a noninvasive marker for fibrosis and treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08828245251374666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T17:59:29Z","timestamp":1757959169000},"page":"262-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum Galectin-3 in Hepatitis B e-Antigen-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Clinical and Histological Correlations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2665-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","family":"Garip Bilen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Nam\u0131k Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirda\u011f, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erdem","family":"Akbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Memorial \u015ei\u015fli Hospital, \u0130stanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2004.00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511167103"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990517)81:4<519::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56015-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.218370"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.8323"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-0965OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61425-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2008.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2635\/5\/eurrev_202212_30698"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24612"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30056-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2020.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083481"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr067"}],"container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08828245251374666","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08828245251374666","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08828245251374666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:28:20Z","timestamp":1777667300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08828245251374666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08828245251374666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08828245251374666","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-8245","1557-8976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}