{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:25:04Z","timestamp":1777922704745,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interleukin-37 (IL-37) can prevent liver damage and may be an important candidate for use as a novel therapeutic tool in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of IL-37 in individuals with chronic HBV (CHB) infection, those who spontaneously cleared (SC) HBV infection, compared with healthy control (HC) subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case-control study included 30 patients with CHB (17 males, 13 females; mean age, 50.13\u2009\u00b1\u200914.51), 30 subjects with SC HBV infection (16 males, 14 females; mean age, 51.50\u2009\u00b1\u200916.85), and 42 HC subjects (22 males, 20 females; mean age, 53.52\u2009\u00b1\u200914.44). Blood samples were collected, and then serum IL-37 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results showed that serum IL-37 levels were significantly higher in the CHB (96.99\u2009\u00b1\u200913.39 pg\/mL) than in the HC group (37.85\u2009\u00b1\u20092.99 pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). No statistically significant differences were found in IL-37 serum levels between CHB group and SC group (91.93\u2009\u00b1\u200917.11 pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.43). Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between serum IL-37 levels and age in SC subjects (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.42).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that increased production of IL-37 may biologically act as a negative feedback loop to attenuate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently alleviate disease symptoms in CHB. The negative correlation between the cytokine and age may indicate that higher levels of IL-37 in younger individuals may lead to the spontaneous clearance of HBV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08828245251385895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T01:12:56Z","timestamp":1759540376000},"page":"288-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated Levels of Serum Interleukin-37 in Chronic Hepatitis B in Comparison with the Spontaneously Cleared and Healthy Control Groups"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Soolmaz","family":"Khansalar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erfan","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Khademolhosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Bayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Molaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Sarvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."},{"name":"Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Haghshenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155702"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2019.1677644"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00587-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a024935"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","first-page":"S223","article-title":"The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in Akbar Abad Village, Kavar, Southern Iran","volume":"5","author":"Fattahi MR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fattahi MR, , Mehrabani D, , Mehvarz S, et al. 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