{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:07:18Z","timestamp":1779188838489,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["6300-6331-301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6300-6331-301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The continuous emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continues to influence the global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even vaccinated individuals or those with prior infections may experience reinfection, depending on the immune evasion capacity of the circulating variants. Therefore, analyses of variant characteristics and immune escape are critical for informing public health policy. However, as COVID-19 has been downgraded in terms of infectious disease classification, the availability of patient sera has become increasingly limited, restricting the timely immunological analyses of emerging variants. To address this challenge, we established an antiserum production and neutralization assay system using a hamster model and demonstrated the utility of this animal serum-based approach. In this study, antisera against 10 circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants were generated in golden Syrian hamsters, and they showed high titer of humoral and neutralizing antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay. In addition, we compared serum from an unvaccinated patient (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1) infected with the BA.5 variant with serum from a BA.5-infected hamster (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1). Although the number of comparable samples was limited, the PRNT\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    titer patterns in serum from an unvaccinated individual infected with BA.5 and in hamster antisera were similar. These findings indicate that antisera generated in the hamster model can provide timely immunogenicity assessments of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, thereby contributing to the rapid characterization of variant immune escape and the generation of essential data for future public health preparedness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08828245261424872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:16:43Z","timestamp":1773224203000},"page":"113-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Production and Evaluation of Anti-Sera Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Using a Syrian Hamster Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yong Jun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo Min","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Won","family":"O","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Hyun","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee Eun","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6784-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0913-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05757-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2021.100313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009799117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12060622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05635-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. [Press release] WHO ends COVID-19 global health emergency [Internet]. Cheongju: KDCA 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.kdca.go.kr\/board\/board.es?mid=a20501010000&bid=0015&act=view&list_no=725056 [Last accessed: August4 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2310917121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq4450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) Division of Viral Diseases. CDC COVID-19 Science Briefs [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK570439\/ [Last accessed: August4 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1745095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2022.113275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"Roemer C Hodcroft EB Neher RA et al. SARS-CoV-2 clade naming strategy for 2022 [Internet]. Nextstrain. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/nextstrain.org\/ncov\/gisaid\/global\/6m [Last accessed: August4 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00718-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04585-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00948-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2024. WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard [Internet]. Geneva: WHO. 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