{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:29:24Z","timestamp":1787243364598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CF-2023-I-741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Proyecto 302965, PRONAII 3: Infecciones virales de"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Proyecto 302965, PRONAII 3: Infecciones virales de"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Noroviruses are single-stranded positive-polarity RNA viruses classified in the family Caliciviridae. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite their ability to infect various epithelial and nonepithelial cell types, establishing robust\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture systems for HuNoVs remains challenging. As a result, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) has become a widely used model for investigating norovirus biology and pathogenesis, due to its ability to replicate efficiently in primary dendritic cells and macrophages. Although different B-cell lines are susceptible to MNV-1 infection, the susceptibility of primary B lymphocytes has been poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that MNV-1 infects primary B lymphocytes, with infection levels increased by prior stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-4. The enhanced infection does not appear to result from increased virion binding but instead to an increased cellular permissiveness. These findings provide new insights into the cellular tropism of MNV-1 and suggest that the activation status of B-cell influences their susceptibility to infection. This model may improve our understanding of norovirus\u2013host-cell interactions in adaptive immune cells and could aid in the development of more representative\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    systems for studying norovirus pathogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08828245261429121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:28:24Z","timestamp":1773253704000},"page":"150-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LPS and IL-4 Stimulation Favor Murine Norovirus Infection of B Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Carlos Emilio","family":"Miguel-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (Cinvestav), M\u00e9xico City, M\u00e9xico."},{"name":"Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas Iv\u00e1n","family":"Antonio-Buendia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecula, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (Cinvestav), M\u00e9xico City, M\u00e9xico."},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (Cinvestav), M\u00e9xico City, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2917-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lorena","family":"Gutierrez-Escolano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, 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