{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:55:25Z","timestamp":1790844925967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purposes of this study were to assess intra- and interrater reliabilities by novice users of the Myotonometer\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    (Neurogenic Technologies, Inc., Missoula, MT), a portable electronic device that quantifies muscle tone (stiffness) and paresis, in assessing children with cerebral palsy. Two raters used the Myotonometer to assess the biceps brachii and medial gastrocnemius muscles of 10 children with spastic-type cerebral palsy. Muscles were measured in a relaxed state and during a voluntary isometric contraction. Intraclass correlation coefficients and repeatability coefficients were calculated for each muscle and for each condition (relaxed and contracted). Intrarater reliabilities ranged from 0.82 to 0.99 (biceps brachii muscles) and 0.88 to 0.99 (medial gastrocnemius muscles). Interrater reliabilities ranged from 0.74 to 0.99 (biceps brachii muscles) and 0.84 to 0.99 (medial gastrocnemius muscles). Repeatability coefficients indicated a 98% level of agreement between raters across all conditions. Novice users of the Myotonometer, with few exceptions, had high to very high intra- and interrater reliabilities for measurements of the biceps brachii and medial gastrocnemius muscles of children with spastic-type cerebral palsy. (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">J Child Neurol<\/jats:italic>\n                    2004;19:894\u2014901).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190110801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,9]],"date-time":"2017-07-09T11:39:43Z","timestamp":1499600383000},"page":"894-901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Intra- and Interrater Reliabilities of the Myotonometer When Assessing the Spastic Condition of Children With Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Desiree D.","family":"Aarrestad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, University of Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misty D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, University of Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Fehrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, University of Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Mikhailenok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenic Technologies, Inc. Missoula, MT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles T.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenic Technologies, Inc. Missoula, MT,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Direct measurement of spasticityThe Diplegic Child","author":"Skinner SR","year":"1992","unstructured":"Skinner SR: Direct measurement of spasticity, in Sussman MD (ed): The Diplegic Child. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Rosemont, Illinois 1992."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Spasticity: A review","volume":"44","author":"Young RR","year":"1994","unstructured":"Young RR: Spasticity: A review. Neurology 1994;44(9):12\u201420.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.e89"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Evaluation of spasticity and its effect on motor functionThe Practical Management of Spasticity in Children and Adults","author":"Haley SM","year":"1990","unstructured":"Haley SM, Inacio CA: Evaluation of spasticity and its effect on motor function, in Glenn MB, Whyte J (eds): The Practical Management of Spasticity in Children and Adults . Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia , 1990, 70\u201496."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Control of Human Movement","author":"Latash ML","year":"1993","unstructured":"Latash ML: Control of Human Movement. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Spastic hypertonia: Mechanisms and measurement","volume":"70","author":"Katz RT","year":"1989","unstructured":"Katz RT, Rymer WZ: Spastic hypertonia: Mechanisms and measurement. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989;70:144\u2014155.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921599677595404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60345-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/29.3.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(21)01637-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Recurrent inhibition of soleus alpha-motoneurons during a sustained submaximal plantar flexion","volume":"101","author":"Loscher WN","year":"1996","unstructured":"Loscher WN, Cresswell AG, Thorstensson A.: Recurrent inhibition of soleus alpha-motoneurons during a sustained submaximal plantar flexion. EEG Clin Neurophysiol 1996 ;101:334\u2014338.","journal-title":"EEG Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.0090s1010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(82)90043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02441811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00042-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.26070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Conference Proceedings of the New Jersey Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association; Poster presentation","author":"Kaplan SL","unstructured":"Kaplan SL, Chernyavasky G., Holland K., et al: Myotonometer: A reliability study, in Conference Proceedings of the New Jersey Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association; Poster presentation, March 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"928","article-title":"Myotonometer intra-andinter-raterreliabilities","volume":"84","author":"Leonard CT","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leonard CT, Deshner WP, Romo JW, et al: Myotonometer intra-andinter-raterreliabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:928\u2014932.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B6.0830792"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Intra- and interrater reliabilities of the Myotonometer for assessing the spastic condition o f c h i l d r e n w i t h c e r e b r a l p a l s y, abstract","author":"Aarrestad DD","unstructured":"Aarrestad DD, Williams MD, Fehrer SC, et al. Intra- and interrater reliabilities of the Myotonometer for assessing the spastic condition o f c h i l d r e n w i t h c e r e b r a l p a l s y, abstract. ptjournal.org\/abstracts\/pt2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Apparatus for Measuring Muscle Tone","author":"Leonard CT","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leonard CT, Mikhailenok EL: Apparatus for Measuring Muscle Tone. US patent 6063044. May 16, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Energetic Aspects of Muscle Contraction","author":"Woledge RC","year":"1985","unstructured":"Woledge RC, Curtin NA, Homsher E.: Energetic Aspects of Muscle Contraction. London, Academic Press, 1985."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Muscles, Masses and Motion. The Physiology of Normality, Hypotonicity, Spasticity and Rigidity","author":"Walsh EG","year":"1992","unstructured":"Walsh EG: Muscles, Masses and Motion. The Physiology of Normality, Hypotonicity, Spasticity and Rigidity. London, MacKeith Press , 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(98)80021-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"538","article-title":"Strength assessment in postpolio syndrome: Validity of a hand-held dynamometer in detecting change","volume":"81","author":"Nollet F.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nollet F., Beelen A.: Strength assessment in postpolio syndrome: Validity of a hand-held dynamometer in detecting change. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:538\u2014539.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90311-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Physical Therapy Research: Principles and Applications","author":"Domholdt E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Domholdt E.: Physical Therapy Research: Principles and Applications. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control","author":"Lance JW","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lance JW: Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control. Chicago, Year Book Publishers, 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/29.3.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-199603000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-199206000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90053-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(92)90007-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90294-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880160112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000242"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738040190110801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738040190110801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:03:35Z","timestamp":1790841815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08830738040190110801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08830738040190110801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08830738040190110801","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-0738","1708-8283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-0738","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}