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Recent findings indicate that peroxisomal dysfunction is not only restricted to inherited peroxisomal diseases but also to disease processes associated with generation of inflammatory mediators that downregulate cellular peroxisomal homeostasis. Evidence indicates that leukodystrophies (i.e. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, globoid cell leukodystrophy, and periventricular leukomalacia) may share common denominators in the development and progression of the inflammatory process and thus in the dysfunctions of peroxisomes. 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