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Frontal lobe dysfunction due to seizures or epileptiform electroencephalographic discharges may perturb the development of brain systems that underpin attentional and hyperactive functions during a critical early stage of brain maturation. Comorbidity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with mental retardation and autism spectrum disorders is frequent in children with tuberous sclerosis. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may also reflect a direct effect of the abnormal genetic program. Treatment of children with tuberous sclerosis complex with combined symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy may represent a challenge for clinicians, because antiepileptic therapy and drugs used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may aggravate the clinical picture of each other.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809341272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T20:22:36Z","timestamp":1254774156000},"page":"1282-1287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"D'Agati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Pediatric Neurology Unit, \"Tor Vergata\" University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, 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