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Recent reports emphasize that longer term treatment with corticosteroids (greater than 3 years) produces important sustained benefits in neuromuscular function without causing major side effects. This review highlights these reports and indicates that long-term corticosteroid therapy (1) prolongs ambulation by 2 to 5 years, (2) reduces the need for spinal stabilization surgery, (3) improves cardiopulmonary function, (4) delays the need for noninvasive nasal ventilation, and (5) increases survival and the quality of life of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Educational, vocational, and other social counseling is now a vital part of management for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810371004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T22:38:23Z","timestamp":1277505503000},"page":"1116-1129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["Change in Natural History of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy With Long-term Corticosteroid Treatment: Implications for Management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Richard T.","family":"Moxley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shree","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Ciafaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Troy, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Troy, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"40","key":"atypb1","first-page":"1119","volume":"58","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Hoffmann E. 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