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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are associated with increased rates of mental retardation, seizure disorders, brain malformations, and premature mortality. The risk of comorbid disorders is increased among this population, which enhances phenotype severity and complexity of management. Recurrence rates are high and younger siblings tend to be more severely affected. Detection of prenatal alcohol use warrants substance abuse intervention, which can avoid exposure in subsequent pregnancies. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are common developmental disorders with a phenotype that is influenced by both age and development and require long-term management. Child neurologists are essential in the diagnosis and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811428377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]],"date-time":"2012-01-12T21:15:22Z","timestamp":1326402922000},"page":"355-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders\u2014Implications for Child Neurology, Part 2: Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ashley","family":"Paintner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, 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