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Thirty-four children (22 boys and 12 girls) underwent assessments such as antineuronal antibodies survey for autoimmune encephalitis and polymerase chain reaction\/viral culture and antibody assays for all commonly recognized causes of infectious encephalitis. Sixteen (47.1%) were positive for autoantibodies, including antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in 16 and voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibodies in 1. Sixteen patients (47.1%) had presumed infectious etiologies, including 6 with influenza, 6 with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 3 with enterovirus, and 1 with herpes simplex virus. In this study, influenza and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are the main presumed causes of severe acute encephalitis in children, although an immune-mediated mechanism may also play a role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812461944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T20:56:14Z","timestamp":1352494574000},"page":"11-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antineuronal Antibodies and Infectious Pathogens in Severe Acute Pediatric Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jainn-Jim","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 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