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In this review, we offer a new classification of torticollis, based on its dynamic qualities and pathogenesis. All torticollis can be classified as either nonparoxysmal (nondynamic) or paroxysmal (dynamic). Causes of nonparoxysmal torticollis include congenital muscular; osseous; central nervous system\/peripheral nervous system; ocular; and nonmuscular, soft tissue. Causes of paroxysmal torticollis are benign paroxysmal; spasmodic (cervical dystonia); Sandifer syndrome; drugs; increased intracranial pressure; and conversion disorder. The description, epidemiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the most clinically significant types of torticollis follow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812469294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T20:25:10Z","timestamp":1356639910000},"page":"365-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Torticollis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kinga K.","family":"Tomczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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