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Simply defined, abusive head trauma is \u201cchild physical abuse that results in injury to the head or brain.\u201d Abusive head trauma is a relatively common cause of childhood neurotrauma, with an estimated incidence of 16 to 33 cases per 100 000 children per year in the first 2 years of life. Clinical findings are variable; AHT should be considered in all children with neurologic signs and symptoms, especially if no or only mild trauma is described. Subdural and retinal hemorrhages are the most common findings. The current best evidence-based literature has identified some features\u2014apnea and severe retinal hemorrhages\u2014that reliably discriminate abusive from accidental injury. Longitudinal studies of outcomes in abusive head trauma patients demonstrate that approximately one-third of the children are severely disabled, one third of them are moderately disabled, and one third have no or only mild symptoms. Abusive head trauma cases are complex cases that require a rigorous, multidisciplinary team approach. The clinician can establish this diagnosis with confidence if he\/she maintains a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis, has knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and risk factors of abusive head trauma, and reasonably excludes other etiologies on the differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814549995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T02:02:14Z","timestamp":1413338534000},"page":"1747-1756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Abusive Head Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Narang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTHSC-Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0883073814549995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1972.02110140011001"},{"key":"bibr2-0883073814549995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/9781581106336","volume-title":"Inflicted Childhood Neurotrauma: Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Office of Rare Disease, and National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research","author":"Reece R","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr3-0883073814549995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.PEDS08365"},{"key":"bibr4-0883073814549995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0408"},{"key":"bibr5-0883073814549995","unstructured":"Bazelon E. 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