{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:36:09Z","timestamp":1789763769450,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]],"date-time":"2014-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aimed to evaluate the metabolic and atherogenic effects of long-term antiepileptic drugs in a group of Egyptian epileptic patients. Sixty-nine epileptic patients on antiepileptic drug monotherapy for at least 2 years and 34 control subjects were recruited in this study. Patients were divided into 5 subgroups according to antiepileptic drugs used (valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiramate, and levetiracetam). Fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and common carotid artery intima-media thickness were measured for all subjects. Significant higher mean values of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein \/ high-density lipoprotein ratio, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, significantly lower mean value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significantly larger diameter of common carotid artery intima-media thickness were observed in each drug-treated group versus control group. Our study supports that long-term monotherapy treatment with valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and topiramate had altered markers of vascular risk that might enhance atherosclerosis, whereas levetiracetam exerted minimal effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814551388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]],"date-time":"2014-10-23T23:30:33Z","timestamp":1414107033000},"page":"451-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Atherosclerotic Effects of Long-Term Old and New Antiepileptic Drugs Monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Reham M.","family":"El-Farahaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"El-Mitwalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Azzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Wasel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Elrakhawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bothina Mohammed","family":"Hasaneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0883073814551388","first-page":"900","volume":"4","author":"Khot SS","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"bibr2-0883073814551388","first-page":"29","volume":"39","author":"Karceski SC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Patients Care"},{"key":"bibr3-0883073814551388","first-page":"55","volume":"50","author":"Hasan EM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"bibr4-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-010-0080-y"},{"key":"bibr5-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2007.03.010"},{"key":"bibr6-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03316.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-26492008000600008"},{"key":"bibr8-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.10.005"},{"key":"bibr9-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21615"},{"key":"bibr10-0883073814551388","first-page":"880","volume":"48","author":"Prakash","year":"2007","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"bibr11-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01973.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.07.003"},{"key":"bibr13-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02297.x"},{"key":"bibr14-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(09)70082-9"},{"key":"bibr15-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2007.03.002"},{"key":"bibr16-0883073814551388","first-page":"105","volume":"1","author":"Ghajarzadeh M","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Res"},{"key":"bibr17-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02024.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0883073814551388","volume-title":"Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests","author":"Tietz NW","year":"1995","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr19-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"bibr20-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.3.495","volume":"89","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr21-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(74)90016-1"},{"key":"bibr22-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.4.990"},{"key":"bibr23-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.02.046"},{"key":"bibr24-0883073814551388","unstructured":"Brutis AC, Ashwood RE. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994:711\u2013713."},{"key":"bibr25-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.13.1189"},{"key":"bibr26-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00264.x"},{"key":"bibr27-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.6.1491"},{"key":"bibr28-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2006.19.9.1151"},{"key":"bibr29-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.11.001"},{"key":"bibr30-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1L414"},{"key":"bibr31-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_402.x"},{"key":"bibr32-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02203.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(00)00175-2"},{"key":"bibr34-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.10.001"},{"key":"bibr35-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.01.045"},{"key":"bibr36-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.3.5.415"},{"key":"bibr37-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070111"},{"key":"bibr38-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb02878.x"},{"key":"bibr39-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.07.003"},{"key":"bibr40-0883073814551388","first-page":"S186","volume":"3","author":"Paknahad Z","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"bibr41-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-3-29"},{"key":"bibr42-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2005.03.005"},{"key":"bibr43-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.12.018"},{"key":"bibr44-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2012.05.002"},{"key":"bibr45-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0325"},{"key":"bibr46-0883073814551388","first-page":"131","volume":"4","author":"Yehia MA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiat Neurosurg"},{"key":"bibr47-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.78"},{"key":"bibr48-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02529.x"},{"key":"bibr49-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.26003.x"},{"key":"bibr50-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00883.x"},{"key":"bibr51-0883073814551388","first-page":"354","volume":"3","author":"Shashi A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Sci Nat"},{"key":"bibr52-0883073814551388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0116"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0883073814551388","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0883073814551388","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0883073814551388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:37:35Z","timestamp":1777495055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0883073814551388"}},"subtitle":["A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0883073814551388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073814551388","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-0738","1708-8283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-0738","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]]}}}