{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:23:55Z","timestamp":1777803835941,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,23]],"date-time":"2015-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abnormal concentrations of dopamine and serotonin metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid is the diagnostic hallmark of a group of treatable conditions known as the monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. We assessed cerebrospinal fluid dopamine and serotonin metabolite concentrations in a series of 69 patients affected by movement disorders of unknown etiology. Abnormal results were disclosed in 13\/69 subjects (19%). Both primary and secondary monoamine neurotransmitter disorders were observed. The clinical presentation of both forms was hypokinetic-rigid syndrome or dystonia. l-Dopa treatment resulted in significant improvement of the clinical picture in the majority of primary neurotransmitter disorders. Eight patients presented a secondary neurotransmitter disorder. One suffered from a GM2 gangliosidosis and one from infantile bilateral striatal necrosis. Etiologic diagnoses were not established in the others. l-Dopa was started in four patients, leading to a significant improvement of hypokinesia in the patient suffering from GM2 gangliosidosis and a slight improvement in 3 unclassified patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815581608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,23]],"date-time":"2015-04-23T21:22:46Z","timestamp":1429824166000},"page":"1800-1805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolite Analysis in Pediatric Movement Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Tonduti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neurology, Neurological Institute C. 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