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Cox regression models with time-dependent and time-invariant covariates, and Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves were constructed. The authors found that 21.4% of the study group had a skin ulcer during the study period and individuals with skin ulcers had significantly higher mortality than those without ulcers ( P &lt; .0001). People who had their first skin ulcer during adolescence had higher mortality than those who had the first skin ulcer during young adulthood ( P = .0002; hazard ratio = 10.70, 95% confidence interval for hazard ratio: 3.01, 38.00) and those without skin ulcers, controlling for other covariates. This study showed that age at which individuals first had a skin ulcer was associated with mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815596611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T21:20:18Z","timestamp":1438636818000},"page":"370-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Skin Ulcers and Mortality Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida in South Carolina During 2000-2010"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Royer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Statistics, South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Hardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orgul","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of South Carolina, Moore School of Business, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0883073815596611","unstructured":"Spina Bifida Association. 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