{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:01:42Z","timestamp":1793242902972,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"SickKids Foundation and IHDCYH-CIHR National Grants Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if patterns of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in term newborns predict subsequent childhood epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study includes term newborns with encephalopathy (n = 181) born between 2004-2012 and admitted to British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital. MRI was performed between 3 and 5 days of age. The predominant patterns of hypoxic-ischemic injury were classified as Normal, Watershed, Basal Nuclei, Total, and Focal-Multifocal. Lesions in hippocampus, motor and occipital cortex were noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 181 newborns, 166 (92%) survived the neonatal period, and 132 (80%) had follow-up with a median duration of 61 months (IQR: 28\u201395). Twenty-three children (17%) developed epilepsy. A higher proportion with Watershed, Basal Nuclei, or Total patterns developed epilepsy ( P &lt; .001). Injury to motor cortex, hippocampus, and occipital lobe ( P &lt; .01) were independent risk factors for epilepsy. In the adjusting logistic model, Watershed (odds ratio = 16.0, 95% CI [1.3, 197.2], P = .03) and Basal Nuclei injury (odds ratio = 19.4, 95% CI [1.9, 196.3], P = .01) remained independent risk factors. Therapeutic hypothermia did not alter these associations. Severity of brain injury and recurrent neonatal seizures are other clinical risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the predominant pattern of Watershed and Basal Nuclei injury are valuable predictors for development of epilepsy in later childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818822361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T03:38:01Z","timestamp":1547523481000},"page":"199-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Pattern of Brain Injury Predicts Long-Term Epilepsy Following Neonatal Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, University of British Columbia and BC Children\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vann","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinnuwat","family":"Sanguansermsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, University of British Columbia and BC Children\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, University of British Columbia and BC Children\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily W. 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T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, University of British Columbia and BC Children\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K. H.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, University of British Columbia and BC Children\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill G.","family":"Zwicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Poskitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, University of British Columbia 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