{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:31:26Z","timestamp":1777804286434,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(NIH\/NIMH) 1RF1MH117805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(NIH\/NIMH) 1RF1MH117805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the clinical research landscape of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) with a focus on neurotechnology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the ClinicalTrials.gov registry using the terms \u201cepilepsy\u201d and \u201cdrug resistant\u201d for studies including participants age 0-17 years. Returns were grouped by intervention (eg, neurotechnological, drug). Key trial features such as age range, trial status and outcomes were compared across interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 101 registered trials with pediatric DRE patients. Thirty-two (32%) investigate neurotechnological interventions, devices, or diagnostic procedures; 13 (41%) are currently active. Among neurotechnology trials, 15 (46%) investigate vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, or deep brain stimulation; few are specific to children. Of the remaining 69 trials, 37 investigate a drug, 17 investigate a dietary therapy, and 15 investigate another intervention. Seizure frequency is the most frequent primary outcome measured in the trials identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The landscape of registered trials pertaining to pediatric DRE reflects a lag between clinical research and clinical practice, and highlights the need for timely evidence before novel neurotechnological interventions are widely adopted into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820931255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T01:24:42Z","timestamp":1592357082000},"page":"763-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Clinical Research Landscape of Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3656-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Julia","family":"Kaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy","family":"Illes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100054081"},{"key":"bibr2-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.07.012"},{"key":"bibr3-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.424"},{"key":"bibr4-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2016.05.005"},{"key":"bibr5-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a55fb9"},{"key":"bibr6-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00931.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12161"},{"key":"bibr8-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2018-104804"},{"key":"bibr9-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000280"},{"key":"bibr10-0883073820931255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1452"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0883073820931255","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0883073820931255","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0883073820931255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:39:34Z","timestamp":1777495174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0883073820931255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0883073820931255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073820931255","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-0738","1708-8283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-0738","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]}}}