{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:49:30Z","timestamp":1787507370614,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare condition associated with rapid progression to coma and high incidence of morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical, electroencephalographic (EEG), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and immunomodulatory therapy timing were retrospectively analyzed in children with ANE. ANE severity scores (ANE-SS) and MRI scores were also assessed. The associations of patient characteristics with 6-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) and length of hospitalization were determined using either univariate linear regression or one-way analysis of variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      7 children were retrospectively evaluated. Normal EEG sleep spindles ( P = .024) and early treatment ( R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .57, P = .030) were associated with improved outcomes (ie, decreased mRS). Higher ANE-SS ( R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .79, P = .011), higher age ( R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .62, P = .038), and presence of brainstem lesions ( P = .015) were associated with longer length of hospitalization. Other patient characteristics were not significantly associated with mRS or length of hospitalization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early immunomodulatory therapy and normal sleep spindles are associated with better functional outcome in children with ANE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820984063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T08:52:21Z","timestamp":1609750341000},"page":"517-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Treatment Timing, EEG, Neuroimaging, and Outcomes After Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5396-2559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Appavu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Foldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordana","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 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