{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:09:17Z","timestamp":1790363357547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare clinical, diagnostic, management, and outcome factors in children with anti\u2013 N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and a history of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) to children with NMDAR encephalitis without a history of HSE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients with anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid treated at our institution between 2012 and 2019 were identified and divided into those with a history of HSE (HSE+NMDAR group) and those without a history of HSE (NMDAR-only group). Demographic data, clinical characteristics, immunotherapy, and outcome data were collected on all patients and compared between the 2 groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen patients were identified with anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid, 6 of whom had a history of HSE. Mean age in the HSE+NMDAR cohort was significantly younger in the HSE+NMDAR cohort, as 5 of the 6 patients were infants. Of HSE+NMDAR patients, 50% had behavioral symptoms, 67% had movement disorders, and 100% had seizures at disease nadir. In the NMDAR-only group, 100% had behavioral symptoms, 73% had movement disorders, and 73% had seizures at nadir. HSE+NMDAR patients received a median of 1 immunotherapy, compared to a median of 4.5 immunotherapies in the NMDAR-only group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioral symptoms were more common in NMDAR-only patients, whereas seizures were more common in HSE+NMDAR patients. Both groups had significant disability at disease nadir, with more improvement in disability over time in the NMDAR-only group. HSE+NMDAR patients received fewer immunotherapies than NMDAR-only patients. Outcomes of infants with HSE appear to primarily reflect sequelae from HSE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738211002679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T09:58:45Z","timestamp":1617616725000},"page":"743-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pediatric\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    -Methyl-\n                    <scp>d<\/scp>\n                    -Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis, With and Without Herpes Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2725-2825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Marcus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne M.","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20614"},{"key":"bibr2-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050"},{"key":"bibr3-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1"},{"key":"bibr4-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70222-X"},{"key":"bibr5-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104169"},{"key":"bibr6-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1038"},{"key":"bibr7-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu054"},{"key":"bibr8-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25623"},{"key":"bibr9-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25626"},{"key":"bibr10-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24083"},{"key":"bibr11-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30244-8"},{"key":"bibr12-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23689"},{"key":"bibr13-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1265517"},{"key":"bibr14-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15431.x"},{"key":"bibr15-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70224-2"},{"key":"bibr16-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70060-7"},{"key":"bibr17-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30488-0"},{"key":"bibr18-08830738211002679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009239"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738211002679","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08830738211002679","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738211002679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:39:59Z","timestamp":1777495199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08830738211002679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08830738211002679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08830738211002679","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-0738","1708-8283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-0738","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]}}}