{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:34:04Z","timestamp":1777804444992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-abs) are associated with demyelinating diseases. Leptomeningeal enhancement occurs in 6% of adult MOG-abs patients but rates in pediatric MOG-abs patients are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of pediatric MOG-abs patients was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-one patients (7 boys, 14 girls) were included with an average age of 8.6 years (range 2-15 years). Seven of 21 (33%) pediatric MOG-abs patients had leptomeningeal enhancement. Two patients\u2019 relapses were manifested by leptomeningeal enhancement alone and another patient presented with seizures, encephalopathy, and aseptic meningitis without demyelinating lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was seen in both leptomeningeal (4\/7 patients) and nonleptomeningeal enhancement (10\/14 patients). Interestingly, 3 patients with leptomeningeal enhancement had normal cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count. Cortical edema was more likely in patients with leptomeningeal enhancement (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0263).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We expand the clinical spectrum of anti-MOG antibody\u2013associated disorder. Patients with recurrent leptomeningeal enhancement without demyelinating lesions should be tested for MOG antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738211025867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T03:05:31Z","timestamp":1632279931000},"page":"1042-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Rate of Leptomeningeal Enhancement in Pediatric Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody\u2013Associated Encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Gadde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences &amp; Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA"},{"name":"Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta: Pediatrics Institute, Emory University, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta: Pediatrics Institute, Emory University, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4830-7792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Y.","family":"Gombolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta: Pediatrics Institute, Emory University, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0718-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1365175","article-title":"Leptomeningeal and intraparenchymal blood barrier disruption in a MOG-IgG-positive patient","volume":"2018","author":"Mohseni SH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohseni SH, Skejoe HPB, Wuerfel J, et al. Leptomeningeal and intraparenchymal blood barrier disruption in a MOG-IgG-positive patient. 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