{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:41:59Z","timestamp":1777804919092,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe autoimmune condition primarily affecting the optic nerve and spinal cord, often resulting in significant disability. This case study follows a 40-year-old female patient with pediatric-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, initially misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which led to inappropriate treatment and exacerbated her condition. Over the years, the patient received multiple immunosuppressive therapies\u2014including azathioprine, rituximab, and tocilizumab\u2014with limited clinical efficacy. The introduction of eculizumab, combined with azathioprine, eventually improved her disease control, albeit with some relapses. This case highlights the challenges in managing treatment-resistant neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored therapies to improve long-term outcomes for patients. Ongoing research and personalized treatment strategies are crucial for effectively managing refractory cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738251340278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T19:35:17Z","timestamp":1747856117000},"page":"704-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pediatric-Onset Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Long-term Follow-up and Therapeutic Challenges in a Treatment-Resistant Case"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mehmet Fatih","family":"Yetkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine K\u00f6\u015fk Neighborhood Dede Efendi Street 38030 MEL\u0130KGAZ\u0130 \/ KAYSER\u0130, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5110-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eeyma","family":"Benli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Af\u015fin State Hospital, Ye\u015filyurt Neighborhood Kemal Ertekin Street, 46540 Af\u015fin\/Kahramanmara\u015f, Kahramanmara\u015f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meral","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Specialized Erciyes Kartal Hospital, Tacettin Veli Neighborhood, Lalezade Street, 38020 Melikgazi\/Kayseri, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.19-2-169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0214-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000603"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12288-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1056944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costello F. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders [published correction appears in Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2022 Dec 1;28(6):1859.","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104062"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"International Delphi consensus on the management of AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD: recommendations for eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab","volume":"10","author":"Paul F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paul F, Marignier R, Palace J, et al. International Delphi consensus on the management of AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD: recommendations for eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab. Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation. 2023;10(4):e200124.","journal-title":"Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0214-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738251340278","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08830738251340278","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738251340278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:41:40Z","timestamp":1777495300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08830738251340278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08830738251340278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08830738251340278","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-0738","1708-8283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-0738","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]}}}