{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T10:00:49Z","timestamp":1785578449846,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) is characterized by the coexistence of 3 or more autoimmune disorders in the same individual and is exceptionally rare in childhood. Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) represents 3% to 5% of all multiple sclerosis (MS) cases and is increasingly recognized within the broader spectrum of immune-mediated diseases. We describe 2 pediatric patients fulfilling MAS criteria in association with POMS\u2014one with type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis, and another with rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune thyroiditis. Both exhibited HLA-DRB1*15:01 positivity, Epstein-Barr virus IgG seropositivity, and severe vitamin D deficiency, suggesting shared immunogenetic and environmental risk factors. These cases highlight the potential of POMS to manifest as part of a systemic autoimmune diathesis. Early recognition, proactive screening, and multidisciplinary management are essential. Further multicenter studies and registry-based data are needed to clarify the prevalence, mechanisms, and prognostic implications of MAS in pediatric MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738261416620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T18:08:28Z","timestamp":1770401308000},"page":"1206-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome: Reporting This Rare Entity in 2 Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0392-9538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Bechlivani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Notas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cAgios Loukas\u201d Clinic of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efterpi","family":"Pavlidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ioannina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Spilioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Neurology Department, AHEPA University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Bani","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Pavlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Zafeiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3878-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Evangeliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Department, \u201cAgios Loukas\u201d clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8040071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1054025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2025.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sclerosis2020007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1026-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111828"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738261416620","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08830738261416620","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08830738261416620","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:55:26Z","timestamp":1785578126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08830738261416620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08830738261416620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08830738261416620","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-0738","1708-8283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-0738","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]}}}