{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:49:54Z","timestamp":1792097394675,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]],"date-time":"1990-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":631152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical features of 57 patients (31 males, 26 females) with congenital brachial palsy seen at the King Fahd Hospital of the University over a 5-year period are described. Delivery was difficult in 32 (56%), 20 (35%) were large babies (birth weight &gt; 3,600 g), and 20 deliveries required either forceps or vacuum extraction. The presentation at delivery was vertex in 45, breech in five, and shoulder in four. Associated injuries or features, encountered in 14 cases, were fractures of the clavicle and humerus (six cases each), and skull fracture and Horner's syndrome in one patient each. The right and left sides were involved in 31 and 24 cases, respectively, and both sides in only two cases. All the muscle groups of the affected limb were most commonly involved (40%), and hand muscles alone were affected in only one patient. Although 60% of the cases presented late to the hospital, functional recovery was observed in 63%. The major predisposing factors identified in this study were technically difficult deliveries, large infants, and breech or shoulder presentation with assisted delivery. It is suggested that early identification of these factors and improvement in obstetric care of both the mothers and babies during delivery would reduce the incidence and severity of this disability. ( J Child Neurol 1990;5:35-38).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389000500108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:13:25Z","timestamp":1230084805000},"page":"35-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Congenital Brachial Pals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Al-Rajeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Corea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.H.","family":"Al-Sibai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Al-Umran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sankarankutty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Smellie W.: Collection of Preternatural Cases and Observations in Midwifery Completing the Design of Illustrating His First Volume on That Subject, vol 3. London, 1764, p 504."},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Duchenne GB: De l'\u00c9lectrisation Localisee et de son Application \u00e0 la Pathologie et \u00e0 la Th\u00e9rapeutique, ed 3. Balli\u00e8re, Paris, 1872, p 357."},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Erb W.: Ueber eine eigent\u00fcmliche Localisation von Lahmunger in Plexus Brachialis im Nov 1874. Verh Histor Med Vereins, Heidelberg, 1874-1877, p 130."},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"541","volume":"12","author":"Sever JW","year":"1916","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Brann AW: Factors during neonatal life that influence brain disorders, in Freeman JM (ed): Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Brain Disorders. NIH Publication No. 85-1149, 1985."},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Leffert RD: Brachial Plexus Injuries. New York, Churchill Living-stone, 1985, pp 91-120."},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749060-00003"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000115447"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6024.1520"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.63B1.7204481"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1973.tb02132.x"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"272","volume":"2","author":"Platt H.","year":"1920","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Tassin JL: Paralyses Obstetricales du Plexus Brachial: \u00c9volution Spontan\u00e9e R\u00e9sultats des Interventions R\u00e9paratrices Prococes. Thesis Universite Paris VII, 1983."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-191402000-00007"},{"key":"atypb15","volume":"51","author":"Gordon M.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"18","key":"atypb16","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"Gjorup L.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Clinical Report of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 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