{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:06:01Z","timestamp":1777802761163,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A defective cell-mediated immunity and inflammatory cytokines are suggested in the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. In this study we analyzed lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and concentrations of interleukin-1\u03b1 (IL-1\u03b1), interleukin-2 (IL-2\u03b1), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and platelet activating factor in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid before and after immunomodulatory therapy (interferon-\u03b1 plus isoprinosine) in three patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Increased percentage of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells (T-suppressor\/cytotoxic cell) and CD16\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells (NK cell) and reduced percentage of CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/HLA-DR\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (active T-cell) and CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (total T-cell) cells were found before therapy. After immunomodulatory therapy, CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/HLA-DR\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (active T-cell) cells were markedly increased and there was a slight increase in the percentages of all lymphocyte subsets in the patients. The concentrations of platelet activating factor in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were higher than the mean value in controls. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma TNF-\u03b1 and IL-2 levels were nondetectable in two patients who had a stationary course of disease and were markedly elevated in patient 3, who displayed a rapidly progressive course. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:418-421).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T19:24:33Z","timestamp":1201202673000},"page":"418-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammatory Mediators in Patients With Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hasan","family":"Tekg\u00fcl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarenur","family":"Tutuncuoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Necil","family":"Kutuk\u00e7uler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Dizdarer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Huseyinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500460044004"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"301","volume":"34","author":"Yalaz K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389701200801"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(84)80114-X"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04545.x"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(83)90053-X"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.10.1639"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.3.689"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"455","volume":"25","author":"Piotrowska K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0387-7604(93)90120-W"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.488"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.2.526"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070216"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389701200803"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Dyken PR, Dotson PM, Maerentes P.: The neurological disability index (NDI) in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), in Bergamini F, Defanti CA, Ferrante P (eds): Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Reappraisal. 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