{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:30:43Z","timestamp":1783571443400,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/0884217504269009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]],"date-time":"2004-09-09T20:23:11Z","timestamp":1094761391000},"page":"561-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Influences of Income, Education, Age, and Ethnicity on Physical Abuse Before and During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Diane K.","family":"Bohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie G.","family":"Tebben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn C.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.5.575","article-title":"Violence during pregnancy and substance abuse","volume":"80","author":"Amaro","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0015","series-title":"Violence against women: Estimates from the redesigned survey","author":"Bachmann","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0020","first-page":"133","article-title":"Domestic violence: Risk factors and outcomes","volume":"155","author":"Berrios","year":"1991","journal-title":"Western Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-2182(90)90064-C","article-title":"Domestic violence and pregnancy: Implications for practice","volume":"35","author":"Bohn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Nurse-Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2010.0624","article-title":"Lifetime and current abuse, pregnancy risks, and outcomes among Native American women","volume":"13","author":"Bohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0035","series-title":"Nursing care of survivors of family violence","first-page":"156","article-title":"Domestic violence and pregnancy: Health effects and implications for nursing practice","author":"Bohn","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0040","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Battering\/low birth weight connection","volume":"89","author":"Bullock","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010074","article-title":"Physical and nonphysical abuse and other risk factors for low birth weight among term and preterm babies: A multiethnic case control study","volume":"150","author":"Campbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0050","series-title":"Assessing dangerousness","author":"Campbell","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0055","first-page":"1578","article-title":"Abuse during pregnancy: A quintessential threat to maternal and child health\u2014So when do we start to act","volume":"164","author":"Campbell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770150308","article-title":"Correlates of battering during pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Campbell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Research in Nursing and Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0065","series-title":"Empowering survivors of abuse: Health care for battered women and their children","first-page":"81","article-title":"The dynamics of battering during pregnancy: Women's explanations of why","author":"Campbell","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90764-8","article-title":"Woman battering","volume":"158","author":"Chez","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00003727-199801000-00004","article-title":"Experiencing physical violence during pregnancy: Prevalence and correlates","volume":"20","author":"Cokkinides","year":"1998","journal-title":"Family and Community Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0080","first-page":"661","article-title":"Physical violence during pregnancy: Maternal complications and birth outcomes","volume":"93","author":"Cokkinides","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994155","article-title":"Trauma and pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Connolly","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02640.x","article-title":"The interrelationships between abuse, substance use, and psychosocial stress during pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Curry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.5.433","article-title":"Prevalence of intimate partner abuse in women treated at community hospital emergency departments","volume":"280","author":"Dearwater","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00002727-199905000-00005","article-title":"Barriers to effective screening for domestic violence by registered nurses in the emergency department","volume":"22","author":"Ellis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Critical Care Nursing Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1997.tb02146.x","article-title":"Stressful events among pregnant Salvadoran women: A cross\u2010cultural comparison","volume":"26","author":"Gaffney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00057-X","article-title":"The relationship between pregnancy intendedness and physical violence in mother's of newborns","volume":"85","author":"Gazmararian","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530480057041","article-title":"Prevalence of violence against pregnant women","volume":"275","author":"Gazmararian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00234-8","article-title":"Women's opinions about domestic violence screening and mandatory reporting","volume":"19","author":"Gielen","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70315-4","article-title":"Sociodemographic predictors of violence","volume":"20","author":"Hastings","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0130","first-page":"625","article-title":"Domestic violence during pregnancy: The prevalence of physical injuries, substance use, abortions and miscarriages","volume":"79","author":"Hedin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.10.1337","article-title":"Battered and pregnant: A prevalence study","volume":"77","author":"Helton","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01476.x","article-title":"Battering during pregnancy: Intervention strategies","volume":"14","author":"Helton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Addressing intimate partner violence in a primary care practice","volume":"6","author":"Kimberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medscape Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0150","series-title":"Woman Abuse Advocacy Protocol","author":"King","year":"1992"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOFV.0000032630.50593.93","article-title":"Changes in intimate partner violence during pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.12.1581","article-title":"Physical abuse of women before, during, and after pregnancy","volume":"285","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00166.x","article-title":"Inside \u201cPandora's box\u201d: Abused women's experiences with clinicians and health services","volume":"13","author":"McCauley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00150.x","article-title":"Abuse during pregnancy: Frequency severity, perpetrator, and risk factors of homicide","volume":"12","author":"McFarlane","year":"1995","journal-title":"Public Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230068030","article-title":"Assessing for abuse during pregnancy: Severity and frequency of injuries and associated entry into prenatal care","volume":"267","author":"McFarlane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02592.x","article-title":"Safety behaviors of abused women after an intervention during pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"McFarlane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0185","first-page":"511","article-title":"A prevalence survey of abuse and screening for abuse in urgent care patients","volume":"91","author":"McGrath","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(89)80521-9","article-title":"Education is not enough: A systems failure in protecting battered women","volume":"18","author":"McLeer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0195","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Physical abuse during pregnancy: Prevalence and risk factors","volume":"160","author":"Muhajarine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0200","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Abuse: A risk factor for low birth weight? A systematic review and meta\u2010analyses","volume":"164","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1049-3867(05)80107-0","article-title":"Verbal abuse and physical violence among a cohort of low\u2010income pregnant women","volume":"4","author":"O'Campo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Women's Health Issues"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70121-8","article-title":"Is adverse pregnancy outcome predictable after blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"179","author":"Pak","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0215","first-page":"161","article-title":"Nursing assessment of the battered pregnant woman","volume":"16","author":"Parker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Maternal-Child Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90256-2","article-title":"Methods of and attitudes toward screening obstetrics and gynecology patients for domestic abuse","volume":"173","author":"Parsons","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0225","series-title":"Women's health: The Commonwealth Fund survey","first-page":"237","article-title":"Violence, health, and the use of health services","author":"Plichta","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0230","unstructured":"PRAMS Working Group: Woolbright, L. A., Perham\u2010Hester, K., Redford, B., Cherry, D., Hopkins, R., Lipscomb, L., et al. (1999). Prevalence of selected maternal and infant characteristics, pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS), 1997. Retrieved March 27, 2001, from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/epo\/mmwrhtml\/ss4805a1.htm"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0235","series-title":"Pregnancy intention and physical violence","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.5.468","article-title":"Screening and intervention for intimate partner abuse: Practices and attitudes of primary care physicians","volume":"282","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-2182(92)90131-L","article-title":"Prevalence of abuse among pregnant women choosing certified nurse\u2010midwife or physician providers","volume":"37","author":"Sampselle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Nurse-Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.2.5.537","article-title":"Indicators of woman abuse based on a chart review at a family practice center","volume":"2","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Family Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199610000-00009","article-title":"Physical and sexual abuse in a middle\u2010class obstetric population","volume":"89","author":"Smikle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Southern Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0260","series-title":"Beyond diagnoses: Changing the health care response to battered women and their children","first-page":"195","article-title":"The abuse assessment screen: A clinical instrument to measure frequency, severity, and perpetrator of abuse against women","author":"Soeken","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0265","series-title":"Women at risk: Domestic violence and women's health","author":"Stark","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0270","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Physical abuse in pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Stewart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230049026","article-title":"Primary care physicians\u2019 response to domestic violence: Opening a Pandora's box","volume":"267","author":"Sugg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00231-2","article-title":"Identification and management of domestic violence: A randomized trial","volume":"19","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.4.628","article-title":"Factors that influence clinicians\u2019 assessment and management of family violence","volume":"84","author":"Tilden","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0290","series-title":"Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence: Findings from the national violence against women survey","author":"Tjaden","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1999.0552","article-title":"Health indicators and intimate partner violence among women who are members of a managed care organization","volume":"29","author":"Tollestrup","year":"1999","journal-title":"Preventative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.15.3.303","article-title":"Abuse during and before pregnancy: Prevalence and cultural correlates","volume":"15","author":"Torres","year":"2000","journal-title":"Violence & Victims"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1993.2.73","article-title":"Domestic violence: Challenges to medical practice","volume":"2","author":"Warshaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009518220331","article-title":"Pregnant adolescents: Experiences and behaviors associated with physical assault by an intimate partner","volume":"4","author":"Wiemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217504269009_bb0315","first-page":"33","article-title":"Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in the third trimester of pregnancy: Maternal and fetal considerations","volume":"75","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088421751534212X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088421751534212X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T03:55:05Z","timestamp":1585886105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S088421751534212X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S088421751534212X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0884217504269009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-2175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-2175","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}