{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T21:38:52Z","timestamp":1766266732975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic &amp; Neonatal Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/0884217505276303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T00:44:31Z","timestamp":1121301871000},"page":"444-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Precursors of Preterm Birth: Comparison of Three Ethnic Groups in the Middle East and the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Lina Kurdahi","family":"Badr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahia","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahalam","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2003","series-title":"Health systems and reform in Lebanon","author":"Ammar","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0005"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199402000-00005","article-title":"Indicators of developmental and functional status of Mexican-American and Puerto Rican children","volume":"15","author":"Arcia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01197.x","article-title":"The risk of preterm delivery in women from different ethnic groups","volume":"109","author":"Aveyard","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)91846-3","article-title":"Perinatal morbidity associated with violence experienced by pregnant women","volume":"170","author":"Berenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199804000-00012","article-title":"Preterm labour: Recent advances in understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"10","author":"Bocking","year":"1998","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00394.x","article-title":"Changing patterns of low birthweight and preterm birth in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Branum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.4.347","article-title":"Why do Mexican Americans give birth to few low-birth-weight infants?","volume":"15","author":"Buekens","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf170","article-title":"Neighborhood support and the birth weight of urban infants","volume":"157","author":"Buka","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-200212000-00005","article-title":"Accumulation and perinatal outcomes in Mexican immigrant childbearing women: An integrative review","volume":"16","author":"Callister","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008747","article-title":"Relation of maternal race to the risk of preterm non-low birthweight infants: A population study","volume":"143","author":"Collins","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.65.6.1243","article-title":"Social support in pregnancy: Psychological correlates of birth outcomes and postpartum depression","volume":"65","author":"Collins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Personal and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0060","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Rehospitalization of very low birth weight infants","volume":"142","author":"Combes-Orme","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0065","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Preterm delivery and the severity of violence during pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"Covington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90373-Q","article-title":"Preterm birth prevention: Where are we?","volume":"168","author":"Creasy","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0075","first-page":"692","article-title":"System for predicting spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"55","author":"Creasy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/13557859998164","article-title":"Adverse birth outcomes among Mexican-Americans: Are US-born women at greater risk than Mexico-born women?","volume":"4","author":"Crump","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ethnicity and Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011305300690","article-title":"Maternal stress is associated with bacterial vaginosis in human pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Culhane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Maternal Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(99)00064-1","article-title":"Variations in stress levels over the course of pregnancy factors associated with elevated hassels, state anxiety and pregnancy specific stress","volume":"47","author":"Da Costa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf176","article-title":"Maternal stress and preterm birth","volume":"157","author":"Dole","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.56","article-title":"Maternal work during pregnancy and the risks of delivering a small-for-gestational-age or preterm infant","volume":"21","author":"Fortier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work Environmental Health"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170440027005","article-title":"Low birth weight and Latino ethnicity","volume":"151","author":"Fuentes-Afflick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Examining the epidemiologic paradox. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(03)00017-X","article-title":"What we have learned about the predictors of preterm birth","volume":"27","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0115","first-page":"159","article-title":"Annual summary of vital statistics\u20141995","volume":"102","author":"Guyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409223311201","article-title":"School-age outcomes in children with birth weights under 750 grams","volume":"331","author":"Hack","year":"1994","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332604","article-title":"Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low birth weight infant","volume":"333","author":"Hillier","year":"1995","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1709S","article-title":"Role of psychosocial and nutritional stress on poor pregnancy outcome","volume":"133","author":"Hobel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1996.tb00063.x","article-title":"Stress, social support and pregnancy outcome: A reassessment based on recent research","volume":"10","author":"Hoffman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00006.x","article-title":"Stress and preterm delivery: A conceptual framework","volume":"15","author":"Hogue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0145","first-page":"301","article-title":"Drug use and physical trauma: Risk factors for preterm deliver","volume":"38","author":"Holland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Mississippi State Medical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105436","article-title":"The effects of physical abuse on pregnancy outcomes in a low-risk obstetric population","volume":"182","author":"Jagoe","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.274","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A population-based study","volume":"188","author":"Janssen","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00003.x","article-title":"Overview: New perspectives on the stubborn challenge of preterm birth","volume":"15","author":"Johnston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01333.x","article-title":"Factors associated with domestic violence in low-income Lebanese families","volume":"30","author":"Keenan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Image, Journal of Nursing Scholarship"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00012.x","article-title":"Socio-economic disparities in preterm birth: Causal pathways and mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Kramer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70214-5","article-title":"Preterm birth and maternal smoking: Risks related to gestation age and onset of delivery","volume":"179","author":"Kyrklund-Blomberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.11.1.32","article-title":"Prenatal maternal stress and promiscuity: A prospective study of socioeconomically disadvantaged women","volume":"11","author":"Lobel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00010.x","article-title":"Risk stratification and pathological mechanisms in preterm delivery","volume":"15","author":"Lockwood","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-0328(03)00011-9","article-title":"Defining the problem: The epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"110","author":"Lumley","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0195","first-page":"223","article-title":"Incidence and factors leading to LBW in Egypt","volume":"17","author":"Mansour","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0205","first-page":"2","article-title":"Births: Final Data for 2001. National Vital Statistics Reports","volume":"51","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"National Vital Statistics"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00572-X","article-title":"Public perceptions about prematurity: A national survey","volume":"24","author":"Massett","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventative Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00004.x","article-title":"Preterm delivery: A public health perspective","volume":"15","author":"Mattison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00005721-199807000-00007","article-title":"Reducing preterm and low birth weight births: Still a nursing challenge","volume":"23","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Maternal\/Child Nursing"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80156-1","article-title":"The association of working conditions and preterm birth: A metaanalysis","volume":"176","author":"Mozurkewich","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01593178","article-title":"Beyond biology: The social context of prenatal behaviour and birth outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Pevalin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sozial- und Praventivmedizin"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00249-6","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic status, maternal race and preterm delivery: A case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Pickett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00013.x","article-title":"Maternal experiences of racism and violence as prediction of preterm birth: Rationale and study design","volume":"15","author":"Rich-Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-2756(02)90121-1","article-title":"Infection and prematurity and the role of preventive strategies","volume":"7","author":"Romero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Seminars in Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OGX.0000071160.26072.DE","article-title":"The interrelationship of maternal stress, endocrine factors and inflammation on gestational length","volume":"58","author":"Ruiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.325","article-title":"School difficulties at adolescence in a regional cohort of children who were extremely low birth weight","volume":"105","author":"Saigal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00011.x","article-title":"Identification of biological\/biochemical marker(s) for preterm delivery","volume":"15","author":"Thorsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"author":"UNICEF","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0270"},{"article-title":"Preventing infant mortality","year":"2002","series-title":"Government News","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0275"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0280","first-page":"700","article-title":"Physical partner abuse during pregnancy: A risk factor for low birth weight in Nicaragua","volume":"100","author":"Valladares","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstetric Gynecology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00005.x","article-title":"Stress, infection and preterm birth: A biobehavioural perspective","volume":"15","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/026010609501000203","article-title":"Maternal eating patterns and birth weight of Mexican-American infants","volume":"10","author":"Wolff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nutrition and Health"},{"article-title":"Health sector in Lebanon: Issues and prospects","year":"1998","series-title":"MNSHD Discussion Paper Series No 4","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0295"},{"article-title":"Health systems: Improving performance. The World Health Report 2000","year":"2000","series-title":"Geneva","key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0300"},{"key":"10.1177\/0884217505276303_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.6.1022","article-title":"Prenatal health behaviors and psychosocial risk factors in pregnant women of Mexican origin: The role of acculturation","volume":"87","author":"Zambrana","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic &amp; Neonatal Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0884217515342970?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0884217515342970?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]],"date-time":"2019-03-06T13:29:28Z","timestamp":1551878968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0884217515342970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0884217515342970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0884217505276303","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-2175"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0884-2175"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}