{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:45:21Z","timestamp":1790279121514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nut in Clin Prac"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Mid\u2010upper arm circumference (MUAC) has proven highly predictive of morbidity and mortality associated with malnutrition better, in some cases, than other growth indicators, including body mass index (BMI)\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    scores and weight\u2010for\u2010height\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    scores. A recent consensus statement recommended the inclusion of MUAC and MUAC\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    scores in the nutrition assessment of children in the United States; however, the requisite data to permit\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    score calculations for children aged &gt;5 years have not been published.\n                    <jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    This investigation was designed to generate lambda mu sigma (LMS) values to permit the calculation of MUAC\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    scores in U.S. children 2 months through 18 years of age.\n                    <jats:italic>Design:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Anthropometric data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999\u20132012) were used for model development (n = 28,995). Smoothed centiles were constructed and compared with previously described CDC percentiles. Independently collected MUAC data from 2 different U.S. studies were used for external validation (n = 1438).\n                    <jats:italic>Statistical Analyses:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Goodness\u2010of\u2010fit was assessed visually and statistically by examining detrended quantile\u2010quantile plots, Q statistics, and the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    scores.\n                    <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    The curves generated in this investigation fit the raw data well with no systematic bias and no sacrifice in fit for children aged &lt;12 months. The curves were consistent with those published by the CDC, and the distribution\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    scores approximated 0 \u00b1 1 in all age groups.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    These LMS values derived in this investigation can be used by clinicians to generate MUAC\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    scores for U.S. children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616676597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T23:30:29Z","timestamp":1479425429000},"page":"68-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Construction of Lambda, Mu, Sigma Values for Determining Mid\u2010Upper Arm Circumference\n                    <i>z<\/i>\n                    Scores in U.S. Children Aged 2 Months Through 18 Years"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Abdel\u2010Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Thaete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Community\u2010Based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition","author":"World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations (UN) System Standing Committee on Nutrition, and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"SadlerKPuettCMothabbirGMyattM.Community case management of severe acute malnutrition in southern Bangladesh.2011.http:\/\/www.fic.tufts.edu\/assets\/Community\u2010Case\u2010Mgt.pdf. 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