{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:14:45Z","timestamp":1777853685820,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to define current blood transfusion practices among European pediatric intensive care physicians treating critically ill children. A questionnaire of case scenarios was administered to members of the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC). Of the 258 members of the ESPNIC, 134 (51.9%) pediatric intensive care physicians completed the questionnaire. The suggested blood transfusion thresholds for case scenario 1 (post\u2013orthopedic surgery child) ranged from &lt;7.0 g\/dl to 11 g\/dl. A total of 57.3% suggested 7 g\/dl, 33.6% suggested 8 g\/dl, and 6.9% suggested 9 g\/dl as a hemoglobin threshold for transfusion (mean, 7.54 \u00b1 0.75). For case scenarios 2 to 4, the suggested hemoglobin thresholds were 7 g\/dl to 12 g\/dl. For case scenario 2 (a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome), 22.4% suggested 8 g\/dl, 15.7% suggested 9 g\/dl, and 41% suggested 10 g\/dl as a hemoglobin threshold for transfusion (mean, 9.40 \u00b1 1.27 g\/dl). For case scenario 3 (a post\u2013cardiac surgery infant), 20.1% suggested 7 g\/dl, 24.6% suggested 8 g\/dl, 21.6% suggested 9 g\/dl, and 23.9% suggested 10 g\/dl as a hemoglobin threshold for transfusion (mean, 8.72 \u00b1 1.24 g\/dl). For case scenario 4 (a child with septic shock), 23.1% suggested 8 g\/dl, 16.4% suggested 9 g\/dl, and 41% suggested 10 g\/dl as a hemoglobin threshold for transfusion (mean, 9.45 \u00b1 1.24 g\/dl). The threshold for transfusion was not statistically different ( P&gt; .05) between the physicians according to their subspecialty, years of experience, or country of origin. The suggested volume of transfused blood was 10 to 15 ml\/kg in 427 responses (82.6%) and 20 ml\/kg in 89 responses (17.2%). Most physicians, 78\/128 (60.9%), did not consider the age of the transfused blood an important factor in their decision to transfuse. Of the 106 (79.1%) physicians who detailed their considerations for elevating the thresh- old for transfusion, 82 (77.3%) gave a general nonspecific indication, 47 (44.3%) stated hemodynamic instability and shock, and 40 (37.7%) an ongoing bleeding. The hemoglobin threshold for blood transfusion and transfusion volume varies among European pediatric intensive care physicians, for the same patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066603257966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T19:33:37Z","timestamp":1082576017000},"page":"38-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Blood Transfusion Policy among European Pediatric Intensive Care Physicians"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elhanan","family":"Nahum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Division, British Columbia Children\u2018s Hospital, 4480 Oak St, Vancouver BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Ben-Ari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Schonfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1985.25686071434.x"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37797369448.x"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400606"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400601"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-5-403"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"6. Expert Working Group. Guidelines for red blood cell and plasma transfusion for adults and children . Can Med Assoc J. 1997;156: S1-S24 ."},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199603000-00032"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460010086037"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Reece RL, Beckett RS. Epidemiology of single unit transfusion . JAMA. 1966;195: 113-118 .","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1966.03100100053014"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199803000-00019"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"11. Hum MC, Meny GM. Transfusions and blood products. In: Levin DL, Morriss FC, eds. Essentials of pediatric intensive care. New York: Churchill Livingstone ; 1997:1549-1558."},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"12. Eskenazi AE, Bernstein ML, Gordon JB. Hematologic disorders in the pediatric intensive care unit. In: Rogers MC, ed. Textbook of pediatric intensive care. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins ; 1996:1395-1431."},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"13. Hebert PC, Qun Hu L, Biro GP. Review of physiologic mechanisms in response to anemia . Can Med Assoc J. 1997;156: S27-S40 ."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Belisle S, Van der Linden P, Hardy JF. Correction of anaemia: the time has come to evaluate tolerance for red cell depletion . 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