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In rheumatoid arthritis, for example, these biological agents rapidly reduce signs and symptoms of joint inflammation and profoundly slow the progression of joint damage. However, data that have emerged following Food and Drug Administration approval of these agents have alerted clinicians to an increased likelihood of opportunistic infections in patients treated with these agents, particularly tuberculosis. The effect of TNF inhibition on the frequency of infection with more common bacterial pathogens is less clear. Animal models of tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections have demonstrated the importance of TNF-\u03b1 in controlling and containing intracellular pathogens. The spectrum of infections reported to date in the setting of anti-TNF-\u03b1 treatment is reviewed here. In addition, relevant animal data illustrating potential mechanistic roles for TNF-\u03b1 in host responses to infection are also reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066604267854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,2]],"date-time":"2004-11-02T18:53:12Z","timestamp":1099421592000},"page":"320-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Serious Infections Associated with Anticytokine Therapies in the Rheumatic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jon T.","family":"Giles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Bathon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Rm. 1B.13, Baltimore, MD 21224"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441207"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.9.3347","volume":"144","author":"Firestein GS","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"3. 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