{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:13:06Z","timestamp":1777853586420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,24]],"date-time":"2012-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure to the treatment of choice for patients with irreversible intestinal failure and serious complications related to long-term parenteral nutrition. Increased numbers of transplant recipients and improved survival rates have led to an increased prevalence of this patient population in intensive care units. Management of intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients is uniquely challenging because of complications arising from the high incidence of transplant rejection and its treatment. Long-term comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney failure, and neurological sequelae, also develop in this patient population as survival improves. This article is intended for intensivists who provide care to critically ill recipients of intestinal and multivisceral transplants. As perioperative care of intestinal\/multivisceral transplant recipients has been described elsewhere, this review focuses on common nonsurgical complications with which one should be familiar in order to provide optimal care. The article is both a review of the current literature on multivisceral and isolated intestinal transplantation as well as a reflection of our own experience at the University of Miami.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066611432425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T03:27:40Z","timestamp":1340767660000},"page":"215-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nonsurgical Care of Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Hopfner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thy Thai","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eddie R.","family":"Island","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplantation, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwenn E.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1141-5"},{"key":"bibr2-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00130478-200501000-00057"},{"key":"bibr3-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000219696.11261.13"},{"key":"bibr4-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2008.03.008"},{"key":"bibr5-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2009.01065.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2008.00785.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e32832b2eb7"},{"key":"bibr8-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2008.00637.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.05.031"},{"key":"bibr10-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199507150-00016"},{"key":"bibr11-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2004.10.012"},{"key":"bibr12-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01755.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2009.11.009"},{"key":"bibr14-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1999.tb00775.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.2001.t01-1-00041.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200007270-00011"},{"key":"bibr17-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2990115"},{"key":"bibr18-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.02.005"},{"key":"bibr19-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01513.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.12.029"},{"key":"bibr21-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000287186.04342.82"},{"key":"bibr22-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31816dcea2"},{"key":"bibr23-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.170019"},{"key":"bibr24-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2010.01.019"},{"key":"bibr25-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964408"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr26-0885066611432425","first-page":"2783","volume":"28","author":"Sigurdsson L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"bibr27-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-003-0139-x"},{"key":"bibr28-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199306000-00015"},{"key":"bibr29-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.05.058"},{"key":"bibr30-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.30108.x"},{"key":"bibr31-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00921.x"},{"key":"bibr32-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(99)00022-4"},{"key":"bibr33-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02591.x"},{"key":"bibr34-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2008.00902.x"},{"key":"bibr35-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318190af83"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr36-0885066611432425","first-page":"465","volume":"27","author":"Island ER","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Transpl."},{"key":"bibr37-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318174d857"},{"key":"bibr38-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181910f51"},{"key":"bibr39-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.071"},{"key":"bibr40-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02582.x"},{"key":"bibr41-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.11.003"},{"key":"bibr42-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04856.x"},{"key":"bibr43-0885066611432425","first-page":"471a","volume":"102","author":"Yanik GA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"bibr44-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20752"},{"key":"bibr45-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04401.x"},{"key":"bibr46-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2009.09.007"},{"key":"bibr47-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2490-8_24"},{"key":"bibr48-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806113382407"},{"key":"bibr49-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-3468-8.50103-6"},{"key":"bibr50-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(03)00126-3"},{"key":"bibr51-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra064928"},{"key":"bibr52-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.5.379"},{"key":"bibr53-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.4.1012"},{"key":"bibr54-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200309-1322SO"},{"key":"bibr55-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1998.tb01127.x"},{"key":"bibr56-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21141"},{"key":"bibr57-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.1.260"},{"key":"bibr58-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497134"},{"key":"bibr59-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431588"},{"key":"bibr60-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.014"},{"key":"bibr61-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.4.928"},{"key":"bibr62-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.5.9353456"},{"key":"bibr63-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2004.00283.x"},{"key":"bibr64-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.06.003"},{"key":"bibr65-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6106"},{"key":"bibr66-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(05)80197-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr67-0885066611432425","first-page":"217","volume":"23","author":"Berg RD","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Med"},{"key":"bibr68-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200105270-00010"},{"key":"bibr69-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3640-3645.2005"},{"key":"bibr70-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.2.462"},{"key":"bibr71-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.146"},{"key":"bibr72-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010307"},{"key":"bibr73-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.41"},{"key":"bibr74-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31817d55ae"},{"key":"bibr75-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021744"},{"key":"bibr76-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199407270-00007"},{"key":"bibr77-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.05.066"},{"key":"bibr78-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000140848.05002.B8"},{"key":"bibr79-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh785"},{"key":"bibr80-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20145"},{"key":"bibr81-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80836-5"},{"key":"bibr82-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2008.00552.x"},{"key":"bibr83-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2008.00551.x"},{"key":"bibr84-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.25212"},{"key":"bibr85-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.05.026"},{"key":"bibr86-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e3282f15fb9"},{"key":"bibr87-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00009"},{"key":"bibr88-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.2003.00042.x"},{"key":"bibr89-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/132.12.1916"},{"key":"bibr90-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199802270-00021"},{"key":"bibr91-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.02.048"},{"key":"bibr92-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.03.016"},{"key":"bibr93-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199908150-00011"},{"key":"bibr94-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200101270-00019"},{"key":"bibr95-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211117"},{"key":"bibr96-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.2001.00035.x"},{"key":"bibr97-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050406"},{"key":"bibr98-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199302000-00035","volume":"55","author":"Nour B","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplatation"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr99-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.1996.tb00436.x","volume":"10","author":"Chang FY","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"key":"bibr100-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908243210807"},{"key":"bibr101-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70021-1"},{"key":"bibr102-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-001-0425-4"},{"key":"bibr103-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2008.12.005"},{"key":"bibr104-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1991.31191096190.x"},{"key":"bibr105-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911113412004"},{"key":"bibr106-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01304.x"},{"key":"bibr107-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1987.206"},{"key":"bibr108-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2003.00019.x"},{"key":"bibr109-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199902270-00009"},{"key":"bibr110-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02898.x"},{"key":"bibr111-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2002.21019.x"},{"key":"bibr112-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000186382.81130.ba"},{"key":"bibr113-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2010.01.011"},{"key":"bibr114-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181b9692d"},{"key":"bibr115-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6143.2003.00325.x"},{"key":"bibr116-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.6.1612-1615.1997"},{"key":"bibr117-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.5.1165"},{"key":"bibr118-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2001.003002088.x"},{"key":"bibr119-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2004.00129.x"},{"key":"bibr120-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200210270-00007"},{"key":"bibr121-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000420)90:2<104::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"bibr122-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02698031"},{"key":"bibr123-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/11.suppl_1.S113"},{"key":"bibr124-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.01098.x"},{"key":"bibr125-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.12.4364"},{"key":"bibr126-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.08.074"},{"key":"bibr127-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.3.772"},{"key":"bibr128-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00776.x"},{"key":"bibr129-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.05.036"},{"key":"bibr130-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.05.037"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr131-0885066611432425","first-page":"269","volume":"22","author":"Senzolo M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"bibr132-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704749"},{"key":"bibr133-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050360"},{"key":"bibr134-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2000.tb01004.x"},{"key":"bibr135-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80300-3"},{"key":"bibr136-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0960"},{"key":"bibr137-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.2_Part_1.249"},{"key":"bibr138-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515142"},{"key":"bibr139-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-006-0010-1"},{"key":"bibr140-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2000.020302.x"},{"key":"bibr141-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.2.188"},{"key":"bibr142-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.12.noc70065"},{"key":"bibr143-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.03.043"},{"key":"bibr144-0885066611432425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199911270-00015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0885066611432425","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0885066611432425","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0885066611432425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:54:48Z","timestamp":1777503288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0885066611432425"}},"subtitle":["A Review for the Intensivist"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,24]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0885066611432425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066611432425","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-0666","1525-1489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-0666","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,24]]}}}