{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T14:34:28Z","timestamp":1792766068248,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Historically, procalcitonin(PCT) has been used as a predictor of bacterial infection and to guide antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to determine PCT's diagnostic utility in predicting secondary bacterial pneumonia in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in COVID-19 adults admitted to the ICU between March 2020, and March 2021. All included patients had a PCT level within 72 h of presentation and serum creatinine of &lt;1.5mg\/dL. A PCT threshold of 0.5ng\/mL was used to compare patients with high(\u2009\u2265\u20090.5ng\/mL) versus low(&lt; 0.5ng\/mL) PCT. Bacterial pneumonia was defined by positive respiratory culture. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was utilized to evaluate PCT as a diagnostic test for bacterial pneumonia, with an area under the curve(AUC) threshold of 0.7 to signify an accurate diagnostic test. A multivariable model was constructed to identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: There were 165 patients included: 127 low PCT versus 38 high PCT. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, vital signs, severity of disease, or outcomes among low versus high PCT groups (all p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). While there was no difference in bacterial pneumonia in low versus high groups (34(26.8%) versus 12(31.6%), p\u2009 =\u20090.562), more patients in the high PCT group had bacteremia (19(15%) versus 11(28.9%), p\u2009 =\u20090.050). Sensitivity was 26.1% and specificity was 78.2% for PCT to predict bacterial pneumonia coinfection in ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. ROC yielded an AUC 0.54 ( p\u2009=\u20090.415). After adjusting for LDH&gt;350U\/L and creatinine in multivariable regression, PCT did not enhance performance of the regression model. Conclusions: PCT offers little to no predictive utility in diagnosing concomitant bacterial pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19 nor in predicting increased severity of disease or worse outcomes including mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666221108636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T02:09:50Z","timestamp":1655431790000},"page":"1486-1492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of Procalcitonin's Utility to Predict Concomitant Bacterial Pneumonia in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nandini","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"},{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, NJ 08876, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0565-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"},{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, NJ 08876, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Bargoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Teichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, NJ 08876, USA"},{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2297-9956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Choron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, NJ 08876, USA"},{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08850666221108636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"bibr2-08850666221108636","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). CDC.gov. Updated February 16, 2021. Accessed March 18th, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html."},{"key":"bibr3-08850666221108636","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 \u2013 6 January 2022. WHO.int. Published January 06, 2022. 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