{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:32:47Z","timestamp":1779233567070,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare key resource utilization and safety outcomes of adult emergency department (ED) patients in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) managed via the Two-Bag or traditional One-Bag method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a retrospective review at an academic medical center ED. Patients were included if &gt;18 years, met diagnostic criteria for DKA (pH\u2009\u2264\u20097.30, bicarbonate\u2009\u2264\u200918\u2005mmol\/L, anion gap\u2009\u2265\u200910), and were managed via a standardized order set (either Two-Bag or One-Bag Method). Comparisons used independent-groups t-tests for continuous variables and \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests for binary variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 634 patients with DKA managed via the Two-Bag method, and 107 managed via the One-Bag method. Cohorts were similar in demographics and presenting laboratories. The Two-Bag Method was associated with 8.1\u2005h shorter to first bicarbonate &gt;18\u2005mmol\/L (11.9 vs 20.0, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and 24 fewer IV fluid bags (5.3 vs 29.7, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Incidence of hypokalemia (potassium &lt;3.0\u2005mmol\/L) was 53% lower in the Two-Bag cohort (6.6 vs 14.0%, P\u2009=\u2009.03); incidence of hypoglycemia (glucose &lt;70\u2005mg\/dL) was 5.8 versus 10.3%, P\u2009=\u2009.16.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For adult ED patients in DKA, the Two-Bag Method was associated with faster resolution of acidosis, fewer IV fluid bags charged, lower incidence of hypokalemia, and trend toward lower incidence of hypoglycemia compared to the One-Bag Method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666231175387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T02:15:01Z","timestamp":1683857701000},"page":"668-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Two-Bag Method for Management of Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis\u2014Experience With 634 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2207-6316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan L","family":"Haas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7528-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Sell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Cranford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick K","family":"Korley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin S","family":"Bassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9032"},{"key":"bibr2-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000249825.18677.D2"},{"key":"bibr3-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02102.x"},{"key":"bibr4-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.01.004"},{"key":"bibr5-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000395"},{"key":"bibr6-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190019855163"},{"key":"bibr7-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013"},{"key":"bibr8-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.01.033"},{"key":"bibr9-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2215"},{"key":"bibr10-08850666231175387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.10.005"}],"container-title":["Journal 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