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Despite robust preclinical evidence supporting hypothermia as neuroprotective therapy after cardiac arrest, there remains clinical equipoise regarding optimal core temperature, therapeutic window, and duration of therapy. Current guidelines recommend continuous temperature monitoring and active fever prevention for at least 72\u2005h and additionally note insufficient evidence regarding temperature control targeting 32\u2005\u00b0C-36\u2005\u00b0C. However, population-based thresholds may be inadequate to support the metabolic demands of ischemic, reperfused, and dysregulated tissue. Promoting a more personalized approach with individualized targets has the potential to further improve outcomes. This review will analyze current knowledge and evidence, address research priorities, explore the components of high-quality temperature control, and define critical future steps that are needed to advance patient-centered care for cardiac arrest survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666231203596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:33:49Z","timestamp":1696318429000},"page":"611-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Temperature Control in the Era of Personalized Medicine: Knowledge Gaps, Research Priorities, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Beekman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2915-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhil","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5149-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyoko","family":"Honiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08850666231203596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2425-z"},{"key":"bibr2-08850666231203596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-019-0291-9"},{"key":"bibr3-08850666231203596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100591"},{"key":"bibr4-08850666231203596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000916"},{"key":"bibr5-08850666231203596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.01.009"},{"key":"bibr6-08850666231203596","unstructured":"Soar J, Nolan JP, Andersen LW, et al. 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