{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:57:18Z","timestamp":1780466238136,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Post-extubation stridor (PES) is a common problem in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is associated with extubation failure, longer length of stay, and increased mortality. Infants represent a large proportion of PICU admissions and are at higher risk for PES, making identification and mitigation of factors associated with PES important in this age group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Research Question<\/jats:title>\n What factors are associated with PES in infants (age less than 1 year) intubated in the PICU?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design & Methods<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was PES as defined by the need for racemic epinephrine within 6\u2005h of extubation. Secondary outcomes were heliox administration and reintubation. Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test for univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 518 patient charts were retrospectively reviewed. 24.1% of patients developed PES. Duration of mechanical ventilation greater than 48\u2005h was associated with increased risk of PES (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.71, P\u2009=\u2009.01), as was nonelective intubation (OR\u2009=\u20092.92, 95% CI 1.91-4.46, P\u2009<\u2009.01). The presence of a cuff, gastroesophageal reflux disease, prematurity, and known upper airway abnormality had no association with PES. 4.0 endotracheal tubes (ETTs) had an increased association with PES compared to 3.5 ETTs (OR\u2009=\u20091.96, 95% CI 1.18-3.27, P\u2009<\u2009.01). There was no difference in risk of PES between 3.5 and 3.0 ETTs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n In infants intubated in the PICU, mechanical ventilation greater than 48\u2005h and nonelective intubation were associated with PES. 4.0 ETTs were associated with higher risk of PES compared to 3.5 ETTs. These findings may help providers in ETT selection and to identify infants that may be at increased risk of PES.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666231204208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:33:03Z","timestamp":1696318383000},"page":"336-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors Associated With Post-Extubation Stridor in Infants Intubated in the Pediatric ICU"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5275-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deirdre","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dev Darshan","family":"Khalsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mattel Children's Hospital, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sareen","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000094228.90557.85"},{"key":"bibr2-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1064OC"},{"key":"bibr3-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05877-0"},{"key":"bibr4-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001978"},{"key":"bibr5-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082015AO3255"},{"key":"bibr6-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04372-4"},{"key":"bibr7-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.11.009"},{"key":"bibr8-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.12.018"},{"key":"bibr9-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep290"},{"key":"bibr10-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2018-0055"},{"issue":"16","key":"bibr11-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000911","volume":"142","author":"Topjian A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bibr12-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8142"},{"key":"bibr13-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1018-2"},{"key":"bibr14-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00773-6"},{"key":"bibr15-08850666231204208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08178-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr16-08850666231204208","first-page":"672","volume":"94","author":"Cole F","year":"1957","journal-title":"AMA J Dis Child"},{"key":"bibr17-08850666231204208","first-page":"237","volume-title":"A practice of anesthesia for infants and children","author":"Litman R","year":"2013","edition":"5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666231204208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08850666231204208","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666231204208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:57:49Z","timestamp":1777503469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08850666231204208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08850666231204208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08850666231204208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-0666","1525-1489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-0666","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]}}}