{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:18:50Z","timestamp":1777853930432,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016170","name":"Japan Blood Products Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) that develops following critical illness is one of the most challenging issues in critical care medicine. While corticosteroids are widely used in septic shock, their impact on PICS remains unclear. While corticosteroids may reduce inflammation, they potentially increase infection risk and affect muscle function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study analyzed 3186 patients with septic shock from a Japanese administrative claims database, which was supplied by Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Using propensity score matching, we compared outcomes between patients who received corticosteroids within the first two days of admission (steroid group) and those who did not (control group). The primary outcome was the incidence of PICS on day 28, defined as meeting at least two of the following criteria: C-reactive protein &gt;2.0 mg\/dL, albumin &lt;3.0 g\/dL, and lymphocyte count &lt;800\/\u03bcL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 4054 patients were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. After the exclusion of 868 patients, 3186 eligible patients (906 in the steroid group and 2280 in the control group) were included in the propensity score analysis. After matching, there was no significant difference in the incidence of PICS on day 28 between the steroid and control groups (16.7% vs 13.6%; risk difference, 2.22%; 95% CI, \u22121.89% to 6.34%; P\u2009=\u20090.095). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in 28-day mortality (15.2% vs 15.2%), in-hospital mortality, PICS on day 14, the Barthel Index at discharge or the percentage of patients meeting PICS criteria for each component on day 14 and day 28.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The administration of corticosteroids in patients with septic shock was not associated with the incidence of PICS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666251353723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T03:53:28Z","timestamp":1751514808000},"page":"39-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of Corticosteroids on Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome in Patients with Septic Shock: A Retrospective Claims Database Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-0541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayabusa","family":"Takano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi General Hospital"},{"name":"Showa General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi General Hospital"},{"name":"Jichi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ohbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0556-9469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Marianna University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8481-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kensuke","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi General Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318256e000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082662"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107476"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01511"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05851-3"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","article-title":"Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults","volume":"12","author":"Annane D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Annane D, Bellissant E, Bollaert PE, et al. Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;12(12):CD002243. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002243.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.941097"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101185"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705835"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.709155"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30696-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2018.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1391395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-061121-040214"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: Mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options","volume":"9","author":"Liu D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu D, Huang SY, Sun JH, et al. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: Mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options. Mil Med Res. 2022;9(1):56. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-022-00422-y","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03479-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37737\/ace.1.3_76"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04013-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704154"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"5790","article-title":"Clinical criteria for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome: An exploratory analysis of optimal cut-off values for biomarkers","volume":"11","author":"Nakamura K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Ogura K, Ohbe H, Goto T. 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