{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:44:11Z","timestamp":1793497451768,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019533","name":"Moderna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) are a major cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, with a significant burden and mortality. Comparative clinical data of patients admitted to the ICU with virus infections other than SARS-CoV-2 or influenza virus (IV) infection are limited. Therefore, this study investigates patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and ventilation parameters of ICU patients admitted with SARI caused by Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), IV, or Parainfluenza virus (PIV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients with SARI admitted to the ICU of the Spaarne Gasthuis, a Dutch secondary teaching hospital, between 2017 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>277 patients were included, with RSV (n\u2009=\u200951), HMPV (n\u2009=\u200940), IV (n\u2009=\u2009142), and PIV (n\u2009=\u200944) infections respectively. Pre-existing hematological malignancies were more common in RSV patients. No significant differences were found in length of hospital stay or ventilation parameters across the respective virus groups. Median duration of ICU stay was four days (IQR 2-7). Bacterial co-infections, pulmonary infiltrates and a higher ROX-index were more common in patients with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure. Hospital mortality rates were not different between the groups; RSV (25.5%), HMPV (15%), IV (24.6%), and PIV (20.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed ICU patients with SARI caused by HMPV, RSV, IV, or PIV, revealing four key findings: high ICU, hospital and 1 year mortality rates with no differences and similar mechanical ventilation parameters between the groups, risk factors for NIV failure linked to prolonged ventilation, and co-morbidities associated with severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666251375938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T19:44:23Z","timestamp":1759261463000},"page":"512-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Is Clinical Outcome Pathogen Related? Characteristics and Outcomes of ICU Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections: Focusing on Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Influenza Virus, and Parainfluenza Virus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"van der Bie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6048-5778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.C.","family":"Fluit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Neijzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Euser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.C.M","family":"van Gorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC University Medical Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kalpoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Souverein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Snijders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3382-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Du Toit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Witwatersrand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.D.M.E.","family":"Osterhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.F.L.","family":"van Lelyveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Goeijenbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2024.105694"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaed\/mkv052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05943-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99608-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults","volume":"31","author":"Falsey AR","unstructured":"Falsey AR. 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