{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:19:11Z","timestamp":1777853951776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":251,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary hypertension, defined as an elevation of the mean pulmonary artery pressure above 20\u2005mm Hg, is an increasingly common diagnosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit either as a primary pathology or as the result of other medical conditions. Proper assessment to identify the contributing factors and identify key specific etiologies is essential to properly manage these patients and improve patient outcomes. A subset of patients with causes of pulmonary hypertension such as Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension or Group 4 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension require specific treatments that deviate from usual intensive unit care and are critical to patients\u2019 survival. These patients and patients with advanced pulmonary hypertension from other causes may benefit from specialized treatments targeting the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation complex, and warrant transfer to a center with pulmonary hypertension expertise. This review will discuss pulmonary hypertension epidemiology, physiology of the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation complex, stepwise diagnosis and classification of patients, management of cardiorespiratory support medications and devices, perioperative considerations, and special populations such as transplant candidates and pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666261419481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:20:31Z","timestamp":1773742831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Critical Care Management of the Patient with Pulmonary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4872-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Deschamps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Cornell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Brusca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2325-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-5794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"CF","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","article-title":"ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"61","author":"Humbert M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, et al. ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2022;61(1):2200879. Available from: https:\/\/erj.ersjournals.com\/content\/early\/2022\/08\/25\/13993003.00879-2022.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01324-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"NHS England Digital [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 28]. National Audit of Pulmonary Hypertension 14th Annual Report. Available from: https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/national-pulmonary-hypertension-audit\/14th-annual-report."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003973"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00007814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuab127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.78104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106685"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00046-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00002-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-2806(91)90009-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a015750"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.4.339"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.622118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-015-0111-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00622.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1160ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0752-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072526"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/26.9.839"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.56.4.586"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1679"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.085761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00741-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00583.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01023.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0055-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuac063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.653584"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90651-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Brain natriuretic peptide in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Biomarker and potential therapeutic agent","volume":"3","author":"Casserly B","year":"2009","unstructured":"Casserly B, Klinger JR. Brain natriuretic peptide in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Biomarker and potential therapeutic agent. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2009;3:269-287.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.039360"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-019-0165-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32835b8be2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.03.014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management for Patients Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery","volume":"33","author":"Duceppe E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duceppe E, Parlow J, MacDonald P, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management for Patients Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery. Can J Cardiol. 2016;33(1):17-32.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-2501"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00089610"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.540"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100822"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00806-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.07.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(23)02414-2"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","first-page":"612","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography for pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Janda S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Janda S, Shahidi N, Gin K, Swiston J. Diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography for pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Br Card Soc. 2011;97(8):612-622.","journal-title":"Heart Br Card Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/AnatolJCardiol.2023.2435"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979804900607"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12222"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.3.324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201104-0662CI"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jep015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2007.00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-019-09778-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-017-0100-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000667"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-017-0584-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.121.012774"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02857-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.698158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.94828"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERP-19-0051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27849"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90765-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.4.1.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25270\/jic\/22.00275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03015161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90339-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2024.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2945"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-021-00673-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000468"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00595-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2007.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-020-00163-w"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","first-page":"05557","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of venous excess ultrasound for estimation of venous congestion","volume":"0012","author":"Longino A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Longino A, Martin K, Leyba K, et al. Prospective evaluation of venous excess ultrasound for estimation of venous congestion. Chest. 2023;S0012-3692(23):05557-5.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04524-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16288"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_2","article-title":"Effect on kidney function recovery guiding decongestion with VExUS in patients with cardiorenal syndrome 1, a randomized control trial","volume":"14","author":"Islas Rodr\u00edguez JP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Islas Rodr\u00edguez JP, Miranda-Aquino T, Romero-Gonz\u00e1lez G, et al. Effect on kidney function recovery guiding decongestion with VExUS in patients with cardiorenal syndrome 1, a randomized control trial. Cardiorenal Med. 2023;14(1):1-11. Available from: https:\/\/karger.com\/doi\/10.1159\/000535641.","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-025-01050-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jaypee-journals-10071-24933"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.85a.17065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_2","first-page":"478","article-title":"Mortality and associated factors in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension with and without interstitial lung disease: A long-term follow-up study","author":"Amikishiyev S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amikishiyev S, Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya Y, Mammadova K, et al. Mortality and associated factors in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension with and without interstitial lung disease: A long-term follow-up study. Mod Rheumatol. 2024;35(3):478-483.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuab113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192230"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01906-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1959-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000163197.70010.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.13.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1640OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9264"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_116_2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the right ventricle and of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary hypertension: an update","volume":"53","author":"Noordegraaf AV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noordegraaf AV, Chin KM, Haddad F, et al. Pathophysiology of the right ventricle and of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary hypertension: an update. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(1):1801900. Available from: https:\/\/erj.ersjournals.com\/content\/53\/1\/1801900.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144722"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1232340"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_4_119_2","article-title":"Right atrial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Roca GQ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roca GQ, Campbell P, Claggett B, Solomon SD, Shah AM. Right atrial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(11):e003521.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227149"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000560"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-015-9514-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2023.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2021.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8230"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_4_128_2","article-title":"PEEP trial and effect on hemodynamic in cardiogenic shock","volume":"1","author":"Tavazzi G","unstructured":"Tavazzi G, Costanza CNJC, Corradi CF, Alviar CA. PEEP trial and effect on hemodynamic in cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2024 Apr;113(Supplement_1):zuae036.149. doi:10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuae036.149","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000345"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199912000-00048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.155145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002586"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000120052.77953.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.6.1282"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2002.02324.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.1.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01710657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_144_2","article-title":"Enhanced pulmonary arterial dilation to arginine vasopressin in chronically hypoxic rats","volume":"267","author":"Eichinger MR","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eichinger MR, Walker BR. Enhanced pulmonary arterial dilation to arginine vasopressin in chronically hypoxic rats. Am J Physiol. 1994;267(6 Pt 2):H2413-H2419.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_145_2","article-title":"Vasopressin-induced pulmonary vasodilation in rats","volume":"257","author":"Walker BR","year":"1989","unstructured":"Walker BR, Haynes J, Wang HL, Voelkel NF. Vasopressin-induced pulmonary vasodilation in rats. Am J Physiol. 1989;257(2 Pt 2):H415-H422.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000325"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200107000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04574-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001434"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_151_2","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of arginine vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory shock after left ventricular assist device placement","volume":"96","author":"Argenziano M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Argenziano M, Choudhri AF, Oz MC, Rose EA, Smith CR, Landry DW. A prospective randomized trial of arginine vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory shock after left ventricular assist device placement. Circulation. 1997;96(9 Suppl):II-286-90.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000281853.50661.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067373"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0378-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951105000193"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000121349.15880.DC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2007.159624"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000128578.37822.F1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8224"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-7094(10)70032-5","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of dobutamine and milrinone on hemodynamic parameters and oxygen supply in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with low cardiac output after anesthetic induction","volume":"60","author":"Carmona MJC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carmona MJC, Martins LM, Vane MF, Longo BA, Paredes LS, Malbouisson LMS. Comparison of the effects of dobutamine and milrinone on hemodynamic parameters and oxygen supply in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with low cardiac output after anesthetic induction. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2010;60(3):237-246.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anestesiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00058.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90616-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcan.2001.23274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00399-3"},{"issue":"8804068","key":"e_1_3_4_166_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Milrinone and the pulmonary vascular system","volume":"5","author":"Harris MN","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harris MN, Daborn AK, O\u2019Dwyer JP. Milrinone and the pulmonary vascular system. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl. 1992;5(eja, 8804068):27-30.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s380-002-8320-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.127.375"},{"issue":"100909747","key":"e_1_3_4_169_2","article-title":"Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Uhlig K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uhlig K, Efremov L, Tongers J, et al. Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;11(100909747):CD009669.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-0770(00)90048-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728840"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.58.3.466"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198710000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2005.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90398-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1069"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_178_2","first-page":"1452","article-title":"Effect of catecholamines on pulmonary circulation at elevated vascular tone","volume":"78","author":"Barman SA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barman SA. Effect of catecholamines on pulmonary circulation at elevated vascular tone. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 1995;78(4):1452-1458.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050391"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0972CI"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9101900111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001285"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.109868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12055-021-01240-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015608865"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa079"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01897-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020625"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30250-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00172-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-9-201305070-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00097107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03927"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018782209"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217719250"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01325-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030824"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01886-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000016641.12984.DC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/vhrm.2006.2.4.411"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_210_2","article-title":"Current Status of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Combined Study Results and Pharmacology-Based Review","volume":"15","author":"Nahar S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nahar S, Kanda S, Chatha U, et al. Current Status of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Combined Study Results and Pharmacology-Based Review. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42748. Available from: https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/168195-current-status-of-endothelin-receptor-antagonists-in-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-a-combined-study-results-and-pharmacology-based-review.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001458"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv336"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx700"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_215_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024277"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213558"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062464"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2003.199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2021.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/59.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.5856"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01905-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_224_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a novel bridging strategy for acute right heart failure in group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Rosenzweig EB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenzweig EB, Brodie D, Abrams DC, Agerstrand CL, Bacchetta M. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a novel bridging strategy for acute right heart failure in group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension. ASAIO J Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1992. 2014;60(1):129-133.","journal-title":"ASAIO J Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2019.09.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_226_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"[Experimental study of effect on lung in pig supported with RVAD]","volume":"42","author":"Inoue T","year":"1994","unstructured":"Inoue T. [Experimental study of effect on lung in pig supported with RVAD]. Zasshi J Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai. 1994;42(1):46-55.","journal-title":"Zasshi J Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_227_2","article-title":"Effect of pulsatile and non-pulsatile left ventricular assist devices on the renin-angiotensin system in patients with end-stage heart failure","volume":"58","author":"Welp H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Welp H, Rukosujew A, Tjan TDT, et al. Effect of pulsatile and non-pulsatile left ventricular assist devices on the renin-angiotensin system in patients with end-stage heart failure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;58(Suppl 2):S185-S188.","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-023-02264-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.02.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12066"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00089212"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.667328"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200404000-00040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_238_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.11.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.11.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004311-200404230-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_242_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.08.936"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_243_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn597"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00141211"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/685113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_246_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9080260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591211004369"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_248_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2021.100234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_249_2","first-page":"7031731","article-title":"Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in postpartum management of a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"2018","author":"Memon H A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Memon H A, Safdar Z, Goodarzi A. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in postpartum management of a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Case Rep Pulmonol. 2018;2018:7031731.","journal-title":"Case Rep Pulmonol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_250_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.106449"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_251_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231916"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_252_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100358"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261419481","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08850666261419481","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261419481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:58:48Z","timestamp":1777503528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08850666261419481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":251,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08850666261419481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08850666261419481","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-0666","1525-1489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-0666","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"article-number":"08850666261419481"}}