{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:20:58Z","timestamp":1793830858310,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) in critical patients who survived COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave and to follow PICS symptoms during one year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study conducted in 11 Spanish ICUs. Critically ill adult patients who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection and met risk criteria for PICS were included. In-person follow-up was conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge, assessing physical, cognitive, psychological, and nutritional aspects, quality of life and return to daily activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 227 patients were included, of which 120 (52.9%) completed the 3 follow-up visits. Hand dynamometry showed muscle weakness in 40.9% of patients at 3 months, with improvement over time. Anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cognitive impairment were observed in 32.9%, 24.3%, 13.8% and 46.1% of patients, respectively, at 3 months. While anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment slightly decreased over time, PTSD did not. Nutritional risk was significant at 3 months (42.4%), with gradually recovering (3.9% at 1 year). Patients' autonomy, and perception of physical and mental quality of life, improved over the months. At 3 months, 35% of patients had returned to work, and 58.3% at one year. A significant percentage of patients required assistance from physical therapy and mental health professionals after discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant impairment was observed in all areas of PICS in critically ill patients with COVID-19, with progressive improvement over one year of follow-up, with the adoption of physical, mental, cognitive, and nutritional support measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666261423125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T16:56:53Z","timestamp":1772038613000},"page":"889-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Spanish ICUs. One-Year Follow-Up. CoronaPICS Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7816-7981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Alonso-Ovies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada"},{"name":"The Research Project Humanizing Intensive Care (Proyecto HU-CI), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"\u00cdtaca Collaborative Group for Post-intensive Care Syndrome, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Humanizing Healthcare Foundation, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6314-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"de la Torre Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada"},{"name":"\u00cdtaca Collaborative Group for Post-intensive Care Syndrome, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3919-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Velayos","family":"Amo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada"},{"name":"The Research Project Humanizing Intensive Care (Proyecto HU-CI), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"\u00cdtaca Collaborative Group for Post-intensive Care Syndrome, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8150-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"de Pablo Hermida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00cdtaca Collaborative Group for Post-intensive Care Syndrome, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario del Sureste"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Tejero-Aranguren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario del Sureste"},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8178-4256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela Algaba","family":"Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00cdtaca Collaborative Group for Post-intensive Care Syndrome, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario del Tajo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Heras","family":"La Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Project Humanizing Intensive Care (Proyecto HU-CI), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"\u00cdtaca Collaborative Group for Post-intensive Care Syndrome, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Humanizing Healthcare Foundation, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Ja\u00e9n"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2104669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201806-375OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1553"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Post-Intensive care syndrome in survivors from critical illness including COVID-19 patients: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Vrettou CS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vrettou CS, Mantziou V, Vassiliou AG, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I. Post-Intensive care syndrome in survivors from critical illness including COVID-19 patients: A narrative review. Life (Basel). 2022;12(1):107.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2023.08.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Humanizing care reduces mortality in critically ill patients","volume":"44","author":"Alonso-Ovies \u00c1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alonso-Ovies \u00c1, la Calle G H. Humanizing care reduces mortality in critically ill patients. Humanizing Care Reduces Mortality in the Critically ill. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed. 2020;44(2):122\u2013124.","journal-title":"Humanizing Care Reduces Mortality in the Critically ill. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2017.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Humanizing Intensive Care (HUCI). \u00cdtaca Group. The \u00cdtaca Group is born. 2019. {Acessed 08 Jannuary 2024}. Available in: https:\/\/proyectohuci.com\/es\/nace-el-grupo-itaca\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney FI","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61\u201365.","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.04.004"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1463","article-title":"; ATS committee on proficiency standards for pulmonary function laboratories","volume":"196","author":"Culver BH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Culver BH, Graham BL, Coates AL, et al. ; ATS committee on proficiency standards for pulmonary function laboratories. Recommendations for a Standardized Pulmonary Function Report. An Official American Thoracic Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(11):1463\u20131472.","journal-title":"Recommendations for a Standardized Pulmonary Function Report. An Official American Thoracic Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"488","article-title":"Montreal Cognitive assessment test: Normalization and standardization for spanish population [Montreal cognitive assessment test: Normalization and standardization for spanish population]","volume":"63","author":"Ojeda N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ojeda N, Del Pino R, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Schretlen DJ, Pena J. Montreal Cognitive assessment test: Normalization and standardization for spanish population [Montreal cognitive assessment test: Normalization and standardization for spanish population]. Rev Neurol. 2016;63(11):488\u2013496.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Elia M. The \u201cMUST\u201d report. Nutritional screening of adults: a multidisciplinary responsibility. Development and use of the \u201cmalnutrition universal screening tool\u201d (\u2018MUST\u2019) for adults. Malnutrition Advisory Group (MAG) a standing committee of BAPEN 2003. Available at: https:\/\/www.bapen.org.uk\/pdfs\/must\/must-report.pdf."},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","article-title":"One-Year outcomes of postintensive care syndrome in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A single institutional study","volume":"3","author":"Banno A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banno A, Hifumi T, Takahashi Y, et al. One-Year outcomes of postintensive care syndrome in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A single institutional study. Crit Care Explor. 2021;3(12):e0595.","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11929-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2022.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-024-02811-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Postintensive care syndrome in COVID-19","volume":"159","author":"Mateo Rodr\u00edguez E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mateo Rodr\u00edguez E, Puchadas Gimeno F, Ezzedine Angulo A, Asensio Samper J, Saiz Ruiz C, L\u00f3pez Alarc\u00f3n MD. Postintensive care syndrome in COVID-19. Unicentric Pilot Study. Med Clin (Barc). 2022;159:321\u2013326.","journal-title":"Unicentric Pilot Study. Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202104-520OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"Spanish Society of Critical Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC). . Infectious Diseases and Sepsis Working Group. National Surveillance Study of Nosocomial Infection in Intensive Care Medicine Services. ENVIN-HELICS. Report 2019. Available in: https:\/\/hws.vhebron.net\/envin-helics\/Help\/Informe%20ENVIN-UCI%202019.pdf. Accessed 10 October 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Predictive validity of the clinical frailty scale-espa\u00f1a on the increase in dependency after hospital discharge","volume":"35","author":"Arias-Rivera S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arias-Rivera S, S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez MM, Romero de-San-P\u00edo E, et al. Predictive validity of the clinical frailty scale-espa\u00f1a on the increase in dependency after hospital discharge. Enferm Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2024;35(2):79\u201388.","journal-title":"Enferm Intensiva (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in Spain. 1998-2016: epidemiology and outcomes","volume":"45","author":"Pe\u00f1uelas O","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1uelas O, Frutos-Vivar F, Muriel A, et al. Mechanical ventilation in Spain. 1998-2016: epidemiology and outcomes. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2021;45(1):3\u201313.","journal-title":"Med Intensiva (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-218064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.02.062"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","article-title":"Pulmonary function, mental and physical health in recovered COVID-19 patients requiring invasive versus non-invasive oxygen therapy: A prospective follow-up study post-ICU discharge","volume":"13","author":"Hazarika A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hazarika A, Mahajan V, Kajal K, et al. Pulmonary function, mental and physical health in recovered COVID-19 patients requiring invasive versus non-invasive oxygen therapy: A prospective follow-up study post-ICU discharge. Cureus. 2021;13(9):e17756.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1062-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-208017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08943-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","article-title":"The quality of acute intensive care and the incidence of critical events have an impact on health-related quality of life in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome - a nationwide prospective multicenter observational study","volume":"18","author":"Bein T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bein T, Weber-Carstens S, Apfelbacher C, et al. The quality of acute intensive care and the incidence of critical events have an impact on health-related quality of life in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome - a nationwide prospective multicenter observational study. Ger Med Sci. 2020;18, Doc01.","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.12.008"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"298","article-title":"Evolution of functionality and muscle strength from intensive care to hospitalization in survivors of COVID-19","volume":"45","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Arcos VE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Arcos VE, \u00c1lvarez-Echeverry I, Chavarro-Ortiza PA, Wilches-Luna EC. Evolution of functionality and muscle strength from intensive care to hospitalization in survivors of COVID-19. Physiotherapy. 2023;45(6):298\u2013305.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00910-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10102023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S404834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.77792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2021.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2343OC"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","article-title":"Post-Intensive care COVID survivorship clinic: A single-center experience","volume":"4","author":"Gilmartin M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gilmartin M, Collins J, Mason S, et al. Post-Intensive care COVID survivorship clinic: A single-center experience. Crit Care Explor. 2022;4(5):e0700.","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03794-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666241255328"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors 1 year after intensive care discharge","volume":"74","author":"Damico V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damico V, Murano L, Teli M, Margosio V, Ripamonti C, Nattino G. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors 1 year after intensive care discharge. Prof Inferm. 2021;74(4):264.","journal-title":"Prof Inferm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i15.2560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.23-66"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.735860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2023.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/jrm.v54.4363"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261423125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08850666261423125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261423125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T23:20:38Z","timestamp":1786058438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08850666261423125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08850666261423125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08850666261423125","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-0666","1525-1489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-0666","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]}}}