{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:17:27Z","timestamp":1792343847676,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Continuous end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) monitoring provides a noninvasive, real-time assessment of ventilation, pulmonary perfusion, and indirectly cardiac output. Although historically limited to anesthetic practice, capnography has emerged as an increasingly valuable physiologic monitoring tool in critical care settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A review was conducted using MEDLINE\/PubMed and the Cochrane Library from 1988 to 2025 to evaluate the clinical applications of ETCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      monitoring in critically ill patients. Eighteen studies met predefined inclusion criteria after screening and were included. Data were narratively synthesized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ETCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      monitoring reliably reflects cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and return of spontaneous circulation. In shock states, low ETCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      correlates with elevated lactate, transfusion requirements, and mortality, serving as a rapid bedside marker of systemic hypoperfusion. Dynamic changes in ETCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      during passive leg raising may predict fluid responsiveness in septic and cardiogenic shock. In ventilated or sedated patients, capnography enables earlier detection of hypoventilation and airway compromise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ETCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      monitoring is a physiologically informative, underutilized tool in critical care. When integrated in clinical context, capnography may enhance resuscitation quality, guide hemodynamic management, and improve ventilatory safety. Further prospective studies are needed to establish standardized ETCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -guided resuscitation protocols.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666261447857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:30:49Z","timestamp":1777987849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["End-Tidal CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Monitoring in Critical Illness: Applications in Resuscitation, Shock, and Ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4948-9292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariella","family":"Gartenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department of Jacobi Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aria","family":"Fariborzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department of Jacobi Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department of Jacobi Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department of Jacobi Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9609-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Capnography for Monitoring End-Tidal CO2 in Hospital and Pre-hospital Settings: A Health Technology Assessment [Internet]","author":"Richardson M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Richardson M, Moulton K, Rabb D, et al. Capnography for Monitoring End-Tidal CO2 in Hospital and Pre-hospital Settings: A Health Technology Assessment [Internet]. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2016, (CADTH Health Technology Assessment, No. 142.)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.04.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803103181005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2014.2.19102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318270198c"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"Utility of ETCO2 to predict hemorrhagic shock in multiple trauma patients","volume":"52","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u00d6rmeci G","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u00d6rmeci G, Yi\u011fit \u00d6, Eray O. Utility of ETCO2 to predict hemorrhagic shock in multiple trauma patients. Turk J Med Sci. 2022;52(1):206\u2013215.","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002846"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"526","article-title":"Concordance of end-tidal carbon dioxide and arterial carbon dioxide in severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"67","author":"Lee SW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee SW, Hong YS, Han C, et al. Concordance of end-tidal carbon dioxide and arterial carbon dioxide in severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2009;67(3):526\u2013530.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/tjtes.2024.37309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-016-0677-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01604-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","article-title":"Assessing the utility of End-tidal carbon dioxide as a marker for fluid responsiveness in cardiogenic shock","volume":"13","author":"Baloch K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baloch K, Rehman Memon A, Ikhlaq U, et al. Assessing the utility of End-tidal carbon dioxide as a marker for fluid responsiveness in cardiogenic shock. Cureus. 2021;13(2):e13164.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2024.100373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.10.016"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261447857","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08850666261447857","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261447857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T07:18:16Z","timestamp":1778224696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08850666261447857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08850666261447857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08850666261447857","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-0666","1525-1489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-0666","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"article-number":"08850666261447857"}}