{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T14:13:53Z","timestamp":1788099233441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liaocheng City Key R&D Plan Policy Guidance Project","award":["2023YD48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YD48"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine pathogen-specific inflammatory biomarker profiles, develop predictive models for Gram-negative infections and evaluate the added value of serial biomarker monitoring in critically ill patients with severe pneumonia in intensive care units (ICUs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 126 adults admitted to a tertiary ICU between 1 June 2021 and 31 May 2024. Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured at admission and on ICU days 3, 5 and 7. Biomarker-pathogen associations were assessed using Spearman correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, multivariate regression and stratified analysis of polymicrobial infection and ICU secondary superinfection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Predominant pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (15.9%), Candida spp. (14.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.5%), Escherichia coli (7.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.2%). PCT and IL-6 correlated with Gram-negative infection, especially K. pneumoniae (PCT: r\u2009=\u20090.56, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; IL-6: r\u2009=\u20090.51, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). PCT\u2009\u2265\u20092.8\u2005ng\/mL predicted Gram-negative pneumonia with an AUC of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.78-0.88), 79% sensitivity and 74% specificity. Combining PCT&gt;2.8\u2005ng\/mL with IL-6\u2009&gt;\u200995 pg\/mL increased specificity to 87% in monomicrobial Gram-negative infection and 83% in polymicrobial cases. Sustained dual elevation over 72\u2005h predicted 28-day ICU mortality (HR\u2009=\u20092.14, 95%CI: 1.32-3.47) and dynamic trends predicted secondary superinfection better than admission biomarkers (AUC: 0.81 vs 0.65). PCT and IL-6 did not distinguish multidrug-resistant from antimicrobial-susceptible K. pneumoniae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCT and IL-6 help identify Gram-negative pneumonia and serial monitoring adds prognostic value, but biomarker thresholds should be interpreted with clinical findings and microbiological susceptibility results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666261480632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1787843797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation Study Between Inflammatory Markers and Pathogenic Characteristics in Patients with Severe Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Xiufang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Second People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Second People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Second People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Second People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Second People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Second People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9039-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuntang","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Second People's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections among female patients of a long-term care hospital in Saudi Arabia","volume":"17","author":"Alfaifi BA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alfaifi BA, AlKhaldi SA, AlHomoud KA, et al. 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