{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:25:40Z","timestamp":1789129540501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intensive Care Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides life support for severe respiratory and cardiac failure, including failure from severe infection such as sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Additionally, ECMO-acquired infections are frequent and associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare utilization, and higher mortality. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of infectious adverse events during ECMO. Future work should aim to refine ECMO-related infectious adverse event definitions, improve harmonized multicenter data collection, and to invest in high-quality, well-designed studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666261487150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:26:20Z","timestamp":1788888380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infections in ECMO: A Comprehensive Review of the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2747-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika R.","family":"O'Neil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1789-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"MacLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04111-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01960-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30733-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-026-08360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03668-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659118766833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00582-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1748154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05847-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04946-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181e28894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.857873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02796-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-025-02044-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31824fbaf7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.873577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S421413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05068-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2023.101319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-08269-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01446-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/668439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19405-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1570-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-12731-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00384-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-026-08380-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00132-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2024.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591231168644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1177271917751900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361241255873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2018.54.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988231213511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e318299fd07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00170-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2024.242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591261427663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.70092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591241249612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03310-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01120-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2025.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-021-01291-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066615571540"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16060226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318292dd10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhlto.2025.100438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.09.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08021-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2023.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2026.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab118"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261487150","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08850666261487150","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08850666261487150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:18:28Z","timestamp":1789125508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08850666261487150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08850666261487150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08850666261487150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-0666","1525-1489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-0666","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"article-number":"08850666261487150"}}