{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:42:48Z","timestamp":1789371768175,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This article reports on the use of ion chromatography (IC) to investigate extensively the release profiles of both cations and anions and characterize the relationship between composition and degradation for a ternary-based Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O-CaO-P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    glass system developed as biomaterials. Studies are carried out on glasses with the formula 45P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    -55( xCaO-Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O) in deionized water, where x = 30, 35, and 40 mol%, using a cumulative release method, where the solution is changed at regular intervals.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Degradation behavior is linear with time where the degradation rate shows an initial decrease with increasing CaO content. This rate then increases with a further addition of CaO. Cation release profiles follow similar trends to the degradation rates. Anion release profiles show a decrease for the PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and linear polyphosphate (P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    and P\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) species with increasing CaO content. This decrease is attributed to the cross-linking of the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions. In contrast, the cyclic P\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n                    anion exhibits the highest amount of anionic release, which demonstrates similar trends to the cations. These release patterns suggest that the cyclic P\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n                    species dominate the degradation rates. The proposed mode of degradation is a hydrolysis reaction, with the cyclic metaphosphate undergoing acid\/base catalysis. The pH remains constant for the 30 and 35 mol% CaO glasses, and drops to about 5.5 for the 40 mol% composition. By using a response factor, it is possible to semiquantitatively analyze the additional peaks observed in the chromatograms. Suggestions are also put forward as to the identity of some of these unidentified peaks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328205049396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]],"date-time":"2005-06-21T09:40:50Z","timestamp":1119346850000},"page":"65-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Quantification of Anion and Cation Release from a Range of Ternary                 Phosphate-based Glasses with Fixed 45 mol% P2O5"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental                         Institute, University College London, 256 Gray\u2019s Inn Road, London,                         WC1X 8LD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental                         Institute, University College London, 256 Gray\u2019s Inn Road, London,                         WC1X 8LD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. N.","family":"Nazhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental                         Institute, University College London, 256 Gray\u2019s Inn Road, London,                         WC1X 8LD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental                         Institute, University College London, 256 Gray\u2019s Inn Road, London,                         WC1X 8LD, UK,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franks, K., Abrahams, I. and Knowles, J.C. (2000). Development of Soluble Glasses for Biomedical Use. Part 1: In Vitro Solubility Measurements , Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 11: 609-614 .","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008949527695"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00546-5"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021110609168"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.10.013"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03474.x"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0130516"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.20014"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.08.054"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franks, K., Salih, V., Knowles, J.C. and Olsen, I. (2002). The Effect of MgO on the Solubility Behaviour and Cell Proliferation in a Quaternary Soluble Phosphate Based Glass System , Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 13: 549-556 .","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015122709576"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008901612674"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10020"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(96)00027-1"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00055-8"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(99)01278-9"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008927222081"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3093(98)00784-4"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Roth, R.S. (2001). Phase Equilibria Diagrams, The American Ceramic Society, USA ."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Roth, R.S., Negas, T. and Cook, L.P. (1981). Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, The American Ceramic Society, Inc., USA ."},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Levin, E.M. and McMurdie, H.F. (1975). Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, 1975 Supplement edn, The American Ceramic Society, Inc., USA ."},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wazer, J.R.V. (1950). Campanella DA. Structure and Properties of the Condensed Phosphates IV. Complex Ion Formation in Polyphosphate Solutions , Journal of the American Ceramics Society, 72(2): 655-662 .","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01158a004"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wazer, J.R.V. and Holst, K.A. (1950). Structures and Properties of the Condensed Phosphates. I. 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