{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:07:37Z","timestamp":1787965657506,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hylamer\u2122 polyethylene is a crystalline form of polyethylene of 70% crystallinity whereas conventional polyethylene (PE) has 50% crystallinity. Crystallinity is the percentage by weight of the crystalline phase present in the whole polymer, which comprises both amorphous and crystalline phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical experience has shown that Hylamer\u2122 components used in joint prostheses, if sterilized by gamma rays in the presence of oxygen, are easily affected by wear, which leads to osteolysis. The authors have analyzed the crystallinity of polyethylene liners removed from seven patients who had received Hylamer\u2122 polyethylene implants sterilized by gamma rays in air and had suffered prosthetic loosening, using Raman spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The results have been compared to those of two controls who had received Hylamer\u2122 polyethylene implants sterilized by gamma irradiation in a nitrogen atmosphere. The crystal structure of wear particles released into the tissues from the Hylamer\u2122 liners sterilized by gamma rays in air is also studied. The materials undergoing two different types of sterilization methods show different crystallinity values (71.50 vs. 69.43), but the crystallinity do not change according to wear (worn and unworn liner region). Both monoclinic and orthorhombic phases are present in the liner, while in wear debris prevalently monoclinic crystals are found in both types of sterilized liners. Different crystallinity rates can explain different wear rates observed in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328206058786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]],"date-time":"2006-10-04T04:54:31Z","timestamp":1159937671000},"page":"131-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Determination of Crystallinity and Crystal Structure of Hylamer\u2122                 Polyethylene after in vivo Wear"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Visentin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna                         40136, Italy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Stea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna                         40136, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"De Clerico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna                         40136, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Reggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi Sez di Chimica e Propedeutica                         Biochimica Bologna 40126, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Fagnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi Sez di Chimica e Propedeutica                         Biochimica Bologna 40126, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Squarzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITOI - CNR, Unita\u2019 di Bologna c\/o Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli                         Bologna 40136, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Toni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Divisione di Ortopedia e Traumatologia Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli,                         Bologna 40136, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199407000-00020"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199612000-00007"},{"issue":"8","key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19980801-09","volume":"21","author":"Collier, J. 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