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Tissue engineering may provide a possible solution to this issue through using biodegradable scaffolds and patients\u2019 own cells. Despite their similarity to heart valve tissue, most hydrogel scaffolds are not mechanically suitable for the dynamic stresses of the heart valve microenvironment. In this study, we integrated electrospun poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)\u2013poly(\u025b-caprolactone) (PCL) microfiber scaffolds, which possess enhanced mechanical properties for heart valve engineering, within a hybrid hydrogel made from methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated gelatin. Sheep mitral valvular interstitial cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel and evaluated in hydrogel-only, PGS\u2013PCL scaffold-only, and composite scaffold conditions. Although the cellular viability and metabolic activity were similar among all scaffold types, the presence of the hydrogel improved the three-dimensional distribution of mitral valvular interstitial cells. As seen by similar values in both the Young\u2019s modulus and the ultimate tensile strength between the PGS\u2013PCL scaffolds and the composites, microfibrous scaffolds preserved their mechanical properties in the presence of the hydrogels. Compared to electrospun or hydrogel scaffolds alone, this combined system may provide a more suitable three-dimensional structure for generating scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328214530589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T20:42:43Z","timestamp":1397508163000},"page":"399-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Fiber-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Eslami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of 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