{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T05:54:49Z","timestamp":1777787689479,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Defense","award":["W81XWH-17-2-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-2-0016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sterilization of medical devices is commonly performed using radiation methods. However, collagen materials can be damaged when using standard radiation doses (25\u00a0kGy). Small increases of radiation dose can allow for increases in the acceptable initial bioburden load of aseptically manufactured devices while maintaining required sterility assurance levels, which is often critical in early stage translational settings. In this study, we hypothesized that small increases in radiation dose from 15 to 20\u00a0kGy would result in significant changes to several key characteristics of collagen scaffolds. Scaffolds were manufactured by lyophilizing the pepsin digest of dense bovine connective tissue in cylindrical molds and were irradiated at either 0, 15, 17.5, or 20\u00a0kGy with an additional group packaged in nitrogen and irradiated at 17.5 kGy. Groups were evaluated for changes to the soluble collagen and glycosaminoglycan mass fractions, protein banding patterns in electrophoresis, a collagen fragmentation assay, and resistance to enzymatic degradation. All parameters were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey\u2019s correction for multiple comparisons. The soluble collagen mass fraction was significantly decreased in the 20\u00a0kGy group; however, there was no significant effect of radiation dose or a nitrogen-rich environment on the other measured parameters, including protein banding patterns, fragmented collagen content, and resistance to enzymatic degradation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Statement of Clinical Significance: Collagen scaffolds have proven useful in clinical applications but can be damaged by standard radiation doses. Low-dose sterilization may be a viable alternative that minimally impacts key properties of these scaffolds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282211047683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T22:28:06Z","timestamp":1633386486000},"page":"1011-1018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of radiation dose and nitrogen purge on collagen scaffold properties"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0579-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Sant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedikt L","family":"Proffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha M","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.022"},{"key":"bibr2-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2013.0668"},{"key":"bibr3-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.893546","volume":"21","author":"Smit FE","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monitor Basic Res"},{"key":"bibr4-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2014.0397"},{"key":"bibr5-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2017.03.002"},{"key":"bibr6-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8659036"},{"key":"bibr7-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600240"},{"key":"bibr8-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513483446"},{"key":"bibr9-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/808202"},{"key":"bibr10-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100180407"},{"key":"bibr11-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20367"},{"key":"bibr12-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509339915"},{"key":"bibr13-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2015.04.025"},{"key":"bibr14-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008085"},{"key":"bibr15-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3180d09d81"},{"key":"bibr16-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731416648810"},{"key":"bibr17-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-011-9289-6"},{"key":"bibr18-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-014-9461-x"},{"key":"bibr19-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509361161"},{"key":"bibr20-08853282211047683","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Submission and review of sterility information in premarket notification (510(k)) submissions for devices labeled as sterile. Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 2016, pp. 1\u201311."},{"key":"bibr21-08853282211047683","volume-title":"Sterilization of health care products\u2014Radiation\u2014Part 2: Establishing the sterilization dose","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr22-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328215590967"},{"key":"bibr23-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22855"},{"key":"bibr24-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-006-9020-1"},{"key":"bibr25-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33213"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr26-08853282211047683","first-page":"460","volume":"8","author":"Faraj KA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regenerative Med"},{"key":"bibr27-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.7.2.387"},{"key":"bibr28-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-019-0647-0"},{"key":"bibr29-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.141.3578.321"},{"key":"bibr30-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-014-0446-0"},{"key":"bibr31-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.70902"},{"key":"bibr32-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.12.017"},{"key":"bibr33-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma4081469"},{"key":"bibr34-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02032316"},{"key":"bibr35-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350806"},{"key":"bibr36-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541283"},{"key":"bibr37-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2008.03.012"},{"key":"bibr38-08853282211047683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.117"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomaterials Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08853282211047683","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08853282211047683","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08853282211047683","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08853282211047683","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:51:41Z","timestamp":1777492301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08853282211047683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08853282211047683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08853282211047683","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3282","1530-8022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3282","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8022","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]}}}