{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1792442418769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51875404, 52175275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51875404, 52175275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascularization is one of the most important factors greatly influencing scaffold regeneration. In this study, a precise network of hollow vessels was printed by digital light processing (DLP) with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)\/gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA), and dark pigmentation absorbers were added to ensure printing accuracy. First, the compound bio-inks of the PEGDA-GelMA hydrogel were prepared for direct vascular printing, and a high-precision DLP system was established. Second, the printing effects of three dark absorbers, namely, nigrosin, brilliant black, and brilliant blue, on the x-, y-, and z-axes were studied. By printing models with different densities, it was determined that 0.2% nigrosin, 0.1% brilliant black, and 0.3% brilliant blue had better effects on the x- and y-axes accuracy, and the absorbance of the absorbers played a decisive role in adjusting the accuracy. Additionally, to solve the problem of uneven curing on the upper and lower surfaces caused by the addition of an absorber with high absorbance, a model of the difference in curing width between the upper and lower surfaces of a unit-layer slice based on high-absorbance absorbers was established, and the reference value for the slice thickness was calculated. Third, the biological and mechanical properties of the bio-inks were verified with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared, and by tensile, swelling, degradation, and cytotoxicity tests on different concentrations of PEGDA-GelMA hydrogel and absorbers. The results showed that 30% PEGDA-7% GelMA\/0.1% brilliant black was the optimal preparation to print a hollow vascular network. The error of the printing tube wall and cavity was between 1% and 3%, which demonstrates the high precision of the method. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were planted in the lumen, and the survival rate achieved 107% on the seventh day, demonstrating the good biocompatibility of the composite hydrogel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282211053081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T09:43:59Z","timestamp":1636105439000},"page":"1173-1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Adjusting the accuracy of PEGDA-GelMA vascular network by dark pigments via digital light processing printing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2357-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Equipment Design and Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 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