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The setting time, porosity, wettability, compressive strength, compressive modulus, and crystallographic structures of cement specimens were determined. Degradation rate, calcitonin release rate, and osteoinductivity were assessed in vitro. In addition, osteogenic effect was examined in a rabbit model of femoral defect. The results revealed that addition of collagen\/calcitonin did not substantially alter physical properties and degradation rate of bone cement specimens. Calcitonin was released into culture medium in a two-phase manner. Osteogenic effect of conditioned medium derived from calcitonin containing bone cement was observed. Finally, de novo bone growth and bone mineralization across the bone defect area were observed in rabbits after implantation of composite bone cement specimens. In conclusion, this novel calcitonin-loaded composite calcium phosphate bone cement exhibits biocompatibility, bioresorbability, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity, which may be suitable for clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328221989984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T01:12:02Z","timestamp":1612141922000},"page":"1355-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    effectiveness of a novel injectable calcitonin-loaded collagen\/ceramic bone substitute"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4682-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 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