{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T05:56:19Z","timestamp":1777787779173,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study attempted to explore the immunogenicity of chitosan nanoparticles containing fusion protein (Hspx\u2013PPE44\u2013EsxV; HPE) and resiquimod adjuvant (HPERC) in BALB\/c mice. HPE was initially expressed in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    BL21 cells. HPE and resiquimod adjuvant were then encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (HPERC). One group of mice were subcutaneously vaccinated on days 0, 14, and 28 with HPERC, and the other group was primed with bacilli Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) on day 0 and then boosted with HPERC on days 14 and 28. Two weeks after the last injection, IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, and IL-17 in spleen cell culture supernatants, and IgG2a and IgG1 titers in sera were measured. HPERC size was 130.84 \u00b1 12.08\u00a0nm (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5). Zeta potential of HPERC was 29 \u00b1 4 mv. The highest IFN-\u03b3 concentration was detected in BCG-primed mice that were boosted with HPERC. In addition, IL-17 production was significantly increased in all groups compared with that of control, except in those that received nanoparticle (NP), adjuvant (ADJ), NP\/ADJ, and fusion protein (Hspx\u2013PPE44\u2013EsxV) (HPE). Comparison of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 concentration determined that Th1 was activated in BCG-primed and HPERC-boosted group in comparison to the other groups. No significant difference in concentration of IL-4 was observed between groups receiving HPERC and BCG-primed and HPERC-boosted group in comparison to group BCG. Concentrations of IgG2a and IgG1 also increased compared to the control group and the rate of IgG2a was higher compared to IgG1. Chitosan containing HPERC vaccine could induce a high level of specific cytokines in mice. The group of mice which first received BCG and then HPERC as booster vaccine could produce significant amounts of IFN-\u03b3, IL-17, and IgG2a.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282221079105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T07:02:15Z","timestamp":1650178935000},"page":"40-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Chitosan nanoparticles containing fusion protein (Hspx\u2013PPE44\u2013EsxV) and resiquimod adjuvant (HPERC) as a novel booster vaccine for\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rasul","family":"Hoseinpur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center (IRC)Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alka","family":"Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center (IRC)Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Baradaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Center (IRC)Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Abdolalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Samadi Kafil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Azizian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0328-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Yousef","family":"Memar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pourya","family":"Gholizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1458806"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05372-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30444-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"383","article-title":"Limitations of the BCG vaccine and new prophylaxis strategies against human tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Vasconcelos-Junior AC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vasconcelos-Junior AC, de Ara\u00fajo-Filho JA, da Silva EB, et al. Limitations of the BCG vaccine and new prophylaxis strategies against human tuberculosis. Einstein 2009; 7: 383\u2013389.","journal-title":"Einstein"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/854507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2051013615593891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2017.69362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01865-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP) 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccinesafety\/concerns\/adjuvants.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314973111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02388.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"909","volume-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","author":"Moradi B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moradi B, Sankian M, Amini Y, et al. A new DNA vaccine expressing HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced strong immune responses. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2020; 23(7): 909."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Heterologous expression, purification, and characterization of the HspX, Ppe44, and EsxV proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Amini Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amini Y, Tafaghodi M, Jamehdar SA, et al. Heterologous expression, purification, and characterization of the HspX, Ppe44, and EsxV proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rep Biochemistry Molecular Biology 2018; 6(2): 125.","journal-title":"Rep Biochemistry Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","volume-title":"Laboratory animal law: legal control of the use of animals in research","author":"Dolan K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dolan K. Laboratory animal law: legal control of the use of animals in research. John Wiley & Sons, 2008."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"370","article-title":"Enhancement of the effect of BCG vaccine against tuberculosis using DDA\/TDB liposomes containing a fusion protein of HspX, PPE44, and EsxV. Artificial cells","volume":"47","author":"Mansury D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mansury D, Ghazvini K, Amel Jamehdar S, et al. Enhancement of the effect of BCG vaccine against tuberculosis using DDA\/TDB liposomes containing a fusion protein of HspX, PPE44, and EsxV. Artificial cells, Nanomedicine, Biotechnology 2019; 47(1): 370\u2013377.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine, Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67145-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"536","article-title":"A case-control study of protection against tuberculosis by BCG revaccination in Recife, Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Dantas O","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dantas O, de A Ximenes R, de FPM de Albuquerque M, et al. A case-control study of protection against tuberculosis by BCG revaccination in Recife, Brazil. The International Journal Tuberculosis Lung Disease 2006; 10(5): 536\u2013541.","journal-title":"The International Journal Tuberculosis Lung Disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.07.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6411-6419.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00134-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0047-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.6.751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02531.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.10.032"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomaterials Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08853282221079105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08853282221079105","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08853282221079105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:51:58Z","timestamp":1777492318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08853282221079105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08853282221079105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08853282221079105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3282","1530-8022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3282","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8022","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]}}}